Chapter 19, Problem 37A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: This is to be explained how nuclear fission of $\text{U}$ can cause a chain reaction.

Concept introduction: Nuclear fission is a process by which the nucleus of a heavier atom is split into two or more smaller nuclei generally by the bombardment of neutrons. The reaction is exothermic and huge amounts of energy are released in the process.

Answer to Problem 37A

The neutron formed in the fission reaction can cause a chain reaction.

Explanation of Solution

The balanced equation for fission reaction: ${}_{\text{ 92}}^{\text{ 235}}\text{U}+{}_0^{\text{1}}n\to {}_{56}^{140}\text{Ba }+{}_{36}^{93}\text{Kr}+{\text{ 3}}_0^{\text{1}}n$

The fission of Uranium (heavier nucleus) occurs to form Barium and Krypton (lighter nucleus) with the emission of lots of neutrons.

In the fission process, several neutrons emitted which can lead to the possibility of a chain reaction. Say, if at least one of the fission neutrons again undergoes fission in another fissile nucleus ${}_{\text{ 92}}^{\text{ 235}}\text{U}$ , which in turn causes nuclear fissions and emits neutrons to continue the chain reaction. If more than one neutron is effective in causing fission in other nuclei, the chain reaction multiplies and proceeds more rapidly.

Conclusion

 The neutron formed in the fission reaction can cause a chain reaction.