Chapter 19, Problem 14A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given equation for nuclear reaction needs to be balanced.

Concept Introduction: Nuclear reactions can be expressed similarly to that of chemical equations. The transformations of particles follow certain conservation laws. In balance a nuclear equation, the atomic numbers and mass number of all species on either side of the arrow must be equal.

Beta particle has one unit negative charge and its emission do not changes the mass number.

Answer to Problem 14A

The balanced nuclear equation: ${}_6^{14}C\to {}_7^{14}N+{}_{-1}^{\text{ 0}}e$

Explanation of Solution

Let the atomic numbers of the missing element is $A$ .

Total atomic number on right side of the equation is $=A-1$

According to conservation of atomic number,

  $\begin{array}{c}A-1=6\\ A=7\end{array}$

Atomic number 7 corresponds to nitrogen. The balanced nuclear equation: ${}_6^{14}C\to {}_7^{14}N+{}_{-1}^{\text{ 0}}e$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given equation for nuclear reaction needs to be balanced.

Concept Introduction: Nuclear reactions can be expressed similarly to that of chemical equations. The transformations of particles follow certain conservation laws. In balance a nuclear equation, the atomic numbers and mass number of all species on either side of the arrow must be equal.

Beta particle has one unit negative charge and its emission do not changes the mass number.

Answer to Problem 14A

The balanced nuclear equation: ${}_{55}^{140}Cs\to {}_{56}^{140}Ba+{}_{-1}^{\text{ 0}}e$

Explanation of Solution

Let the atomic numbers of the missing element is $A$ .

Total atomic number on right side of the equation is $=A-1$

According to conservation of atomic number,

  $\begin{array}{c}A-1=55\\ A=55+1\\ A=56\end{array}$

Atomic number 56 corresponds to Barium.

The balanced nuclear equation: ${}_{55}^{140}Cs\to {}_{56}^{140}Ba+{}_{-1}^{\text{ 0}}e$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given equation for nuclear reaction needs to be balanced.

Concept Introduction: Nuclear reactions can be expressed similarly to that of chemical equations. The transformations of particles follow certain conservation laws. In balance a nuclear equation, the atomic numbers and mass number of all species on either side of the arrow must be equal.

Beta particle has one unit negative charge and its emission do not changes the mass number.

Answer to Problem 14A

The balanced nuclear equation: ${}_{\text{ 90}}^{234}Th\to {}_{\text{ 91}}^{234}Pa+{}_{-1}^{\text{ 0}}e$

Explanation of Solution

Let the atomic numbers of the missing element is $A$ .

Total atomic number on right side of the equation is $=A-1$

According to conservation of atomic number,

  $\begin{array}{c}A-1=90\\ A=90+1\\ A=91\end{array}$

Atomic number 91 corresponds to Protactinium.

The balanced nuclear equation: ${}_{\text{ 90}}^{234}Th\to {}_{\text{ 91}}^{234}Pa+{}_{-1}^{\text{ 0}}e$