
Interpretation:
The working principle of the Geiger Muller counter is to be described as well as the differences between the Geiger Muller counter and the scintillation counter is also be explained.
Concept introduction:
To measure and detect the particles such as alpha, beta and, gamma, the Geiger counter is used. It is made up of the metallic cylinder, filled with low-pressure gas. Its apparatus consisting of a thin tungsten metal wire which is connected to a high positive voltage, and it is present in the center of the tube. A range of multiples of 100V is applied to the gas.

Answer to Problem 20A
There is a lot of difference between the Geiger Muller counter and the scintillation counter in terms of working principle, nature of detection of radiation, voltage, and sensitivity.
Explanation of Solution
When radiation containing ionizing particles enters the tube ionizes the gas into ions and electrons. The electrons, being negatively charged moved towards the anode. As they travel through the tube repeated collisions with the gas molecules produce more secondary electrons. The production of the electron goes on in geometric progression due to which a large amount of electrons collected at the anode and generate a significant amount of electricity.
As discussed, the differences between theGeiger Muller counter and scintillation counter in the following respects,
- The GM counter works by the principle of ionization of gas whereas the scintillation counter works by the principle of the scintillation of crystals.
- In the GM counter ionization of gas produces both electrons and ions whereas the production of electrons only takes place in the scintillation counter.
- The GM counter has the capability to measure all types of radiations like alpha, beta, and gamma rays whereas the scintillation counter can only detect ionizing radiation.
- The GM counter requires needs comparatively low voltage for working thanthe scintillation counter.
- The GM counter is less sensitive and cannot detect minute quantities of radiation whereas the sensitivity of the scintillation counter is very high and can detect minute quantities of radiation.
There is a lot of difference between the Geiger Muller counter and the scintillation counter in terms of working principle, nature of detection of radiation, voltage, and sensitivity.
Chapter 19 Solutions
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
- Predict the major organic product(s) of the following reactions. Indicate which of the following mechanisms is in operation: SN1, SN2, E1, or E2.arrow_forward(c) (4pts) Mechanism: heat (E1) CH3OH + 1.5pts each _E1 _ (1pt) Br CH3OH (d) (4pts) Mechanism: SN1 (1pt) (e) (3pts) 1111 I H 10 Ill!! H LDA THF (solvent) Mechanism: E2 (1pt) NC (f) Bri!!!!! CH3 NaCN (3pts) acetone Mechanism: SN2 (1pt) (SN1) -OCH3 OCH3 1.5pts each 2pts for either product 1pt if incorrect stereochemistry H Br (g) “,、 (3pts) H CH3OH +21 Mechanism: SN2 (1pt) H CH3 2pts 1pt if incorrect stereochemistry H 2pts 1pt if incorrect stereochemistryarrow_forwardA mixture of butyl acrylate and 4'-chloropropiophenone has been taken for proton NMR analysis. Based on this proton NMR, determine the relative percentage of each compound in the mixturearrow_forward
- Q5: Label each chiral carbon in the following molecules as R or S. Make sure the stereocenter to which each of your R/S assignments belong is perfectly clear to the grader. (8pts) R OCH 3 CI H S 2pts for each R/S HO R H !!! I OH CI HN CI R Harrow_forwardCalculate the proton and carbon chemical shifts for this structurearrow_forwardA. B. b. Now consider the two bicyclic molecules A. and B. Note that A. is a dianion and B. is a neutral molecule. One of these molecules is a highly reactive compound first characterized in frozen noble gas matrices, that self-reacts rapidly at temperatures above liquid nitrogen temperature. The other compound was isolated at room temperature in the early 1960s, and is a stable ligand used in organometallic chemistry. Which molecule is the more stable molecule, and why?arrow_forward
- A mixture of C7H12O2, C9H9OCl, biphenyl and acetone was put together in a gas chromatography tube. Please decide from the GC resutls which correspond to the peak for C7,C9 and biphenyl and explain the reasoning based on GC results. Eliminate unnecessary peaks from Gas Chromatography results.arrow_forwardIs the molecule chiral, meso, or achiral? CI .CH3 H₂C CIarrow_forwardPLEASE HELP ! URGENT!arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





