PHYSICS F/SCI.+ENGRS.,STAND.-W/ACCESS
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781429206099
Author: Tipler
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 19, Problem 36P
(a)
To determine
The PV and ST diagram.
(b)
To determine
The entropy change of the gas.
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What is the ideal efficiency of an engine that runs at 3500 K when the surrounding air is 250 K?
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A firebox is at 750 K, and the ambient temperature is 300 K. The efficiency of a Carnot engine doing 150 J of work as it transports energy between these constant-temperature baths is 60.0%. The Carnot engine must take in energy 150 J/0.600 = 250 J from the hot reservoir and must put out 100 J of energy by heat into the environment. To follow Carnot’s reasoning, suppose some other heat engine S could have an efficiency of 70.0%. (a) Find the energy input and exhaust energy output of engine S as it does 150 J of work. (b) Let engine S operate as in part (a) and run the Carnot engine in reverse between the same reservoirs. The output work of engine S is the input work for the Carnot refrigerator. Find the total energy transferred to or from the firebox and the total energy transferred to or from the environment as both engines operate together. (c) Explain how the results of parts (a) and (b) show that the Clausius statement of the second law of thermodynamics is violated. (d) Find the…
Chapter 19 Solutions
PHYSICS F/SCI.+ENGRS.,STAND.-W/ACCESS
Ch. 19 - Prob. 1PCh. 19 - Prob. 2PCh. 19 - Prob. 3PCh. 19 - Prob. 4PCh. 19 - Prob. 5PCh. 19 - Prob. 6PCh. 19 - Prob. 7PCh. 19 - Prob. 8PCh. 19 - Prob. 9PCh. 19 - Prob. 10P
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- Consider these scenarios and state whether work is done by the system on the environment (SE) or by the environment on the system (ES): (a) opening a carbonated beverage; (b) filling a flat tire; (c) a sealed empty gas can expands on a hot day, bowing out the walls.arrow_forwardFind the work done in the quasi-static processes shown below. The states are given as (p, V) values for the points in the PV plane: 1 (3 atm, 4 L), 2 (3 atm, 6 L), 3 (5 atm, 4 L), 4 (2 atm, 6 L), 5 (4 atm, 2 L), 6 (5 atm, 5 L) and 7 (2 atm, 5 L).arrow_forwardOf the following, which is not a statement of the second law of thermodynamics? (a) No heat engine operating in a cycle can absorb energy from a reservoir and use it entirely to do work, (b) No real engine operating between two energy reservoirs can be more efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same two reservoirs, (c) When a system undergoes a change in state, the change in the internal energy of the system is the sum of the energy transferred to the system by heat and the work done on the system, (d) The entropy of the Universe increases in all natural processes, (e) Energy will not spontaneously transfer by heat from a cold object to a hot object.arrow_forward
- Show that the coefficients of performance of refrigerators and heat pumps are related by COPref=COPhp1. Start with the definitions of the COP s and the conservation of energy relationship between Qh, QC, and W.arrow_forwardHow could you design a Carnot engine with 100% efficiency?arrow_forwardA Carnot engine is used to measure the temperature of a heat reservoir. The engine operates between the heat reservoir and a reservoir consisting of water at its triple point. (a) If 400 J per cycle are removed from the heat reservoir while 200 J per cycle are deposited in the triple-point reservoir, what is the temperature of the heat reservoir? (b) If 400 J per cycle are removed from the triple-point reservoir while 200 J per cycle are deposited in the heat reservoir, what is the temperature of the heat reservoir?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true for the entropy change of a system that undergoes a reversible, adiabatic process? (a) S 0 (b) S = 0 (c) S 0arrow_forwardDoes the entropy increase for a Carnot engine for each cycle?arrow_forwardThe energy output of a heat pump is greater than the energy used to operate the pump. Why doesn't this statement violate the first law of thermodynamics?arrow_forward
- Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into contact into thermal equilibrium successively with reservoirs at 20 , 40 , 60 , and 80 . (a) What is the entropy change of the water? (b) Of the reservoir? (c) What is the entropy change of the universe?arrow_forwardA car salesperson claims that a 300-hp engine is a necessary option in a compact car, in place of the conventional 130-hp engine. Suppose you intend to drive the car within speed limits ( 65 mi/h) on flat terrain. How would you counter this sales pitch?arrow_forwardTrue or False: The entropy change in an adiabatic process must be zero because Q = 0.arrow_forward
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