Chapter 1.9, Problem 20CC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The types of bonds, atomic orbitals that form C-H bond and lone pairs of given formaldehyde structure are needed to be determined.

Concept introduction:

A bond is formed by sharing of valence electrons. A $\sigma$ bond is single bond that is formed between the atoms.  Double bond contains one $\sigma$ bond and one $\pi$ bond.  Triple bond contains one $\sigma$ bond and two $\pi$ bonds.

The atomic orbitals mix together to form a hybrid orbital which is suitable for forming bonds between the atoms to form a compound.  This mixing of hybrid orbitals is known as hybridization. The hybridization determines the geometry of the particular atom in the compound. Shortly to say

${\text{sp}}^{\text{3}}\text{hybridized}$ =Four sigma (single) bonds

$s{p}^{2}hybridized$ =Three sigma (single) and one pi bonds (double)

$\text{sp}$ $\text{hybridized}$ =Two sigma (single) and two pi bonds (double)