Chapter 19, Problem 19E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced equation for the complete combustion of methane is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Combustion means the reaction of any substance with atmospheric oxygen. The process of combustion is an exothermic reaction that is energy is transferred to the surroundings. Combustion of alkane forms water and carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

Answer to Problem 19E

The balanced equation for the complete combustion of methane is stated below.

${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}+2{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Explanation of Solution

The general reaction for the combustion of an alkane is shown below.

${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}+\left(\frac{\text{3n+1}}{\text{2}}\right){\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{nCO}}_{\text{2}}+\left(\text{n}+\text{1}\right){\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Where

• n is the number of carbon atoms.

The number of carbon atom present in methane is $1$. Therefore, the value of $\text{n}$ is $1$. Substitute $\text{n}=1$ in the above reaction and the balanced chemical reaction of combustion of methane is stated below.

${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}+2{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Conclusion

The balanced equation of methane is stated above.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced equation for the complete combustion of propane is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Combustion means the reaction of any substance with atmospheric oxygen. The process of combustion is an exothermic reaction that is energy is transferred to the surroundings. Combustion of alkane forms water and carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

Answer to Problem 19E

The balanced equation for the complete combustion of propane is stated below.

${\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_8+5{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\to 3{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+4{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Explanation of Solution

The general reaction for the combustion of an alkane is shown below.

${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}+\left(\frac{\text{3n+1}}{\text{2}}\right){\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{nCO}}_{\text{2}}+\left(\text{n}+\text{1}\right){\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Where

• n is the number of carbon atoms.

The number of carbon atom present in propane is $3$. Therefore, the value of $\text{n}$ is $3$. Substitute $\text{n}=3$ in the above reaction and the balanced chemical reaction of combustion of propane is stated below.

${\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_8+5{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\to 3{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+4{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Conclusion

The balanced equation of propane is stated above.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The balanced equation for the complete combustion of hexane is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Combustion means the reaction of any substance with atmospheric oxygen. The process of combustion is an exothermic reaction that is energy is transferred to the surroundings. Combustion of alkane forms water and carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

Answer to Problem 19E

The balanced equation for the complete combustion of hexane is stated below.

${\text{2C}}_6{\text{H}}_{14}+19{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\to 12{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+14{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Explanation of Solution

The general reaction for the combustion of an alkane is shown below.

${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}+\left(\frac{\text{3n+1}}{\text{2}}\right){\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{nCO}}_{\text{2}}+\left(\text{n}+\text{1}\right){\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Where

• n is the number of carbon atoms.

The number of carbon atom present in hexane is $6$. Therefore, the value of $\text{n}$ is $6$. Substitute $\text{n}=6$ in the above reaction. Multiply the whole reaction by coefficient $2$ to convert the atoms of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ into a whole number.

The balanced chemical reaction of combustion of hexane is stated below.

${\text{2C}}_6{\text{H}}_{14}+19{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\to 12{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+14{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Conclusion

The balanced equation of hexane is stated above.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The balanced equation for the complete combustion of octane is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Combustion means the reaction of any substance with atmospheric oxygen. The process of combustion is an exothermic reaction that is energy is transferred to the surroundings. Combustion of alkane forms water and carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

Answer to Problem 19E

The balanced equation for the complete combustion of octane is stated below.

${\text{2C}}_8{\text{H}}_{18}+25{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\to 16{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+18{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Explanation of Solution

The general reaction for the combustion of an alkane is shown below.

${\text{C}}_{\text{n}}{\text{H}}_{\text{2n+2}}+\left(\frac{\text{3n+1}}{\text{2}}\right){\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\to {\text{nCO}}_{\text{2}}+\left(\text{n}+\text{1}\right){\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Where

• n is the number of carbon atoms.

The number of carbon atom present in octane is $8$. Therefore, the value of $\text{n}$ is $8$. Substitute $\text{n}=8$ in the above reaction. Multiply the whole reaction by coefficient $2$ to convert the atoms of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ into a whole number.

The balanced chemical reaction of combustion of octane is stated below.

${\text{2C}}_8{\text{H}}_{18}+25{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\to 16{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}+18{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Conclusion

The balanced equation of octane is stated above.