Fundamentals of Physics Extended
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781118230725
Author: David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 18, Problem 68P
To determine
To find:
The heat required to melt
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Icebergs in the North Atlantic present hazards to shipping, causing the lengths of shipping routes to be increased by about 30% during the iceberg season. Attempts to destroy icebergs include planting explosives, bombing, torpedoing, shelling, ramming, and coating with black soot. Suppose that direct melting of the iceberg, by placing heat sources in the ice, is tried. How much energy as heat is required to melt 10% of an iceberg that has a mass of 200 000 metric tons? (Use 1 metric ton = 1000 kg.)
A calorimeter is used to measure the energy released when a new exotic rocket fuel and oxidizer are burned. The calorimeter is a closed tank with the fuel and oxidizer, and this tank is located inside a larger tank of water.When the rocket propellant burns, heat from the closed inner tank is transferred to the water, and the rise in temperature of the water is used to determine the amount of energy released. A stirrer is used to stir the water; it does work per second (power) of 4.0 kW. In a one minute period the heat transfer from the inner tank to the water is 2000 kJ and the heat transfer from the water to the surroundings is 30 kJ.a) Determine the increase in the internal energy of the water in Joules.b) What is the final temperature of the water, in degrees C if the tank contains 0.1 m3 of water and was at 300 K initially ? The density of water is 1000 kg/m3 and the heat capacity of water is 1 calorie/gram-Kelvin. One calorie is 4.1855 Joules.
The rate at which a resting person converts food energy is called one’s basal metabolic rate (BMR). Assume that the resulting internal energy leaves a person’s body by radiation and convection of dry air. When you jog, most of the food energy you burn above your BMR becomes internalenergy that would raise your body temperature if it were not eliminated. Assume that evaporation of perspiration is the mechanism for eliminating this energy. Suppose a person is jogging for “maximum fat burning,” converting food energy at the rate 400 kcal/h above his BMR, and putting out energy by work at the rate 60.0 W. Assume that the heat of evaporation of water at body temperature is equal to its heat of vaporization at 100°C. (a) Determine the hourly rate at which water must evaporate from his skin. (b) When you metabolize fat, the hydrogen atoms in the fat molecule are transferred to oxygen to form water. Assume that metabolism of 1.00 g of fat generates 9.00 kcal of energy and produces 1.00 g of…
Chapter 18 Solutions
Fundamentals of Physics Extended
Ch. 18 - The initial length L, change in temperature T, and...Ch. 18 - Figure 18-24 shows three linear temperature...Ch. 18 - Materials A, B, and C are solids that are at their...Ch. 18 - A sample A of liquid water and a sample B of ice,...Ch. 18 - Question 4 continued: Graphs b through f of Fig....Ch. 18 - Figure 18-26 shows three different arrangements of...Ch. 18 - Figure 18-27 shows two closed cycles on p-V...Ch. 18 - For which cycle in Fig. 18-27, traversed...Ch. 18 - Three different materials of identical mass are...Ch. 18 - A solid cube of edge length r, a solid sphere of...
Ch. 18 - A hot object is dropped into a thermally insulated...Ch. 18 - Suppose the temperature of a gas is 373.15 K when...Ch. 18 - Two constant-volume gas thermometers are...Ch. 18 - A gas thermometer is constructed of two...Ch. 18 - a In 1964, the temperature in the Siberian village...Ch. 18 - At what temperature is the Fahrenheit scale...Ch. 18 - On a linear X temperature scale, water freezes at...Ch. 18 - ILW Suppose that on a linear temperature scale X,...Ch. 18 - At 20C, a brass cube has edge length 30 cm. What...Ch. 18 - ILW A circular hole in an aluminum plate is 2.725...Ch. 18 - An aluminum flagpole is 33 m high. By how much...Ch. 18 - Prob. 11PCh. 18 - An aluminum-alloy rod has a length of 10.000 cm at...Ch. 18 - SSM Find the change in volume of an aluminum...Ch. 18 - When the temperature of a copper coin is raised by...Ch. 18 - ILW A steel rod is 3.000 cm in diameter at 25.00C....Ch. 18 - When the temperature of a metal cylinder is raised...Ch. 18 - SSM WWW An aluminum cup of 100 cm3 capacity is...Ch. 18 - At 20C, a rod is exactly 20.05 cm long on a steel...Ch. 18 - GO A vertical glass tube of length L = 1.280 000 m...Ch. 18 - GO In a certain experiment, a small radioactive...Ch. 18 - SSM ILW As a result of a temperature rise of 32 C,...Ch. 18 - One way to keep the contents of a garage from...Ch. 18 - SSM A small electric immersion healer is used to...Ch. 18 - A certain substance has a mass per mole of 50.0...Ch. 18 - Prob. 25PCh. 18 - What muss of butter, which has a usable energy...Ch. 18 - SSM Calculate the minimum amount of energy, in...Ch. 18 - How much water remains unfrozen after 50.2 kJ is...Ch. 18 - In a solar water heater, energy from the Sun is...Ch. 18 - A 0.400 kg simple is placed in a cooling apparatus...Ch. 18 - ILW What mass of steam at 100C must be mixed with...Ch. 18 - The specific heat of a substance varies with...Ch. 18 - Nonmetric version: a How long does a 2.0 105...Ch. 18 - GO Samples A and B are at different initial...Ch. 18 - An insulated Thermos contains l30 cm3 of hot...Ch. 18 - A 150 g copper bowl contains 220 g of water, both...Ch. 18 - A person makes a quantity of iced tea by mixing...Ch. 18 - A 0.530 kg sample of liquid water and a sample of...Ch. 18 - GO Ethyl alcohol has a boiling point of 78.0C, a...Ch. 18 - GO Calculate the specific heat of a metal from the...Ch. 18 - SSM WWW a Two 50 g ice cubes are dropped into 200...Ch. 18 - GO A 20.0 g copper ring at 0.000C has an inner...Ch. 18 - In Fig. 18-37, a gas sample expands from V0 to...Ch. 18 - GO A thermodynamic system is taken from stale A to...Ch. 18 - SSM ILW A gas within a closed chamber undergoes...Ch. 18 - Suppose 200 J of work is done on a system and 70.0...Ch. 18 - Prob. 47PCh. 18 - GO As a gas is held within a closed chamber, it...Ch. 18 - GO Figure 18-42 represents a closed cycle for a...Ch. 18 - GO A lab sample of gas is taken through cycle abca...Ch. 18 - A sphere of radius 0.500 m, temperature 27.0C, and...Ch. 18 - The ceiling of a single-family dwelling in a cold...Ch. 18 - SSM Consider the slab shown in Fig. 18-18. Suppose...Ch. 18 - If you were to walk briefly in space without a...Ch. 18 - ILW A cylindrical copper rod of length 1.2 m and...Ch. 18 - The giant hornet Vespa mandarinia japonica preys...Ch. 18 - Prob. 57PCh. 18 - A solid cylinder of radius r1 = 2.5 cm, length h1...Ch. 18 - Prob. 59PCh. 18 - GO Figure 18-46 shows the cross section of a wall...Ch. 18 - SSM A 5.0 cm slap has formed on an outdoor tank of...Ch. 18 - Leidenfrost effect. A water drop will last about 1...Ch. 18 - GO Figure 18-49 shows in cross section a wall...Ch. 18 - Prob. 64PCh. 18 - Ice has formed on a shallow pond, and a shady...Ch. 18 - GO Evaporative cooling of beverages. A cold...Ch. 18 - In the extrusion of cold chocolate from a tube,...Ch. 18 - Prob. 68PCh. 18 - Figure 18-51 displays a closed cycle for a gas....Ch. 18 - In a certain solar house, energy from the Sun is...Ch. 18 - A 0.300 kg sample is placed in a cooling apparatus...Ch. 18 - The average rate at which energy is conducted...Ch. 18 - What is the volume increase of an aluminum cube...Ch. 18 - In a series of experiment, block B is to be placed...Ch. 18 - Figure 18-54 displays a dosed cycle for a gas....Ch. 18 - Three equal-length straight rods, of aluminum,...Ch. 18 - SSM The temperature of a 0.700 kg cube of ice is...Ch. 18 - GO Icicles. Liquid water coats an active growing...Ch. 18 - SSM A sample of gas expands from an initial...Ch. 18 - Figure 18-56a shows a cylinder containing gas and...Ch. 18 - SSM A sample of gas undergoes a transition from an...Ch. 18 - Prob. 82PCh. 18 - SSM The temperature of a Pyrex disk is changed...Ch. 18 - a Calculate the rate at which body heat is...Ch. 18 - SSM A 2.50 kg Jump of aluminum is heated to 92.0C...Ch. 18 - A glass window pane is exactly 20 cm by 30 cm at...Ch. 18 - A recruit can join the semi-secret 300 F club at...Ch. 18 - A steel rod at 25.0C is bolted at both ends and...Ch. 18 - An athlete needs to lose weight and decides to do...Ch. 18 - Soon after Earth was formed, heat released by the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 91PCh. 18 - A rectangular plate of glass initially has the...Ch. 18 - Suppose that you intercept 5.0 103 of the energy...Ch. 18 - A thermometer of mass 0.0550 kg and of specific...Ch. 18 - A sample of gas expands from V1 = 1.0 m3 and p1 =...Ch. 18 - Figure 18-59 shows a composite bar of length L =...Ch. 18 - On finding your stove out of order, you decide to...Ch. 18 - The p-V diagram in the Fig. 18-60 shows two paths...Ch. 18 - A cube of edge length 6.0 106 m, emissivity 0.75,...Ch. 18 - A flow calorimeter is a device used to measure the...Ch. 18 - An object of mass 6.00 kg falls through a height...Ch. 18 - The Pyrex glass mirror in a telescope has a...Ch. 18 - The area A of a rectangular plate is ab = 1.4 m2....Ch. 18 - Consider the liquid in a barometer whose...Ch. 18 - A pendulum clock with a pendulum made of brass is...Ch. 18 - Prob. 106PCh. 18 - Prob. 107PCh. 18 - A 1700 kg Buick moving at 83 km/h brakes to a...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Beryllium has roughly one-half the specific heat of water (H2O). Rank the quantities of energy input required to produce the following changes from the largest to the smallest. In your ranking, note any cases of equality, (a) raising the temperature of 1 kg of H2O from 20C to 26C (b) raising the temperature of 2 kg of H2O from 20C to 23C (c) raising the temperature of 2 kg of H2O from 1C to 4C (d) raising the temperature of 2 kg of beryllium from 1C to 2C (e) raising the temperature of 2 kg of H2O from -1C to 2Carrow_forwardOne way to cool a gas is to let it expand. When a certain gas under a pressure of 5.00 106 Ha at 25.0C is allowed to expand to 3.00 times its original volume, its final pressure is 1.07 106 Pa. (a) What is the initial temperature of the gas in Kelvin? (b) What is the final temperature of the system? (See Section 10.4.)arrow_forwardThe concrete slab of a basement is 11 m long and 8 m wide, and 0.20 m thick. During the winter, temperatures are nominally 17°C and 10°C at the top and bottom surfaces, respectively. If the concrete has a thermal conductivity of 1.4 W/mK, what is the rate of heat loss through the slab? If the basement is heated by a gas furnace operation at an efficiency of 90%, and natural gas is priced at $0.02. MJ, what is the daily cost of the heat loss. Answer: QLOSS = 4.312 kW, COST = $8.28/dayarrow_forward
- Geologists measure conductive heat flow out of the earth by drilling holes (a few hundred meters deep) and measuring the temperature as a function of depth. Suppose that in a certain location the temperature increases by 20°C per kilometer of depth and the thermal conductivity of the rock is 2.5 W/m·K. What is the rate of heat conduction per square meter in this location? Assuming that this value is typical of other locations over all of earth's surface, at approximately what rate is the earth losing heat via conduction? (The radius of the earth is 6400 km.)arrow_forwardWhen it rains, water vapor in the air condenses into liquid water, and energy is released. (a) How much energy is released when 0.0356 m (1.40 inch) of rain falls over an area of 2.59×106 m² (one square mile)? (b) If the average energy needed to heat one home for a year is 1.50x10¹1 J, how many homes could be heated for a year with the energy determined in part (a)? (a) Number i (b) Number 1 Units Unitsarrow_forwardWhen air is inhaled, it quickly becomes saturated with water vapor as it passes through the moist upper airways. When a person breathes dry air, about 25 mg of water are exhaled with each breath. At 12 breaths/min, what is the rate of energy loss due to evaporation? Express your answer in both watts and Calories per day. At body temperature, the heat of vaporization ofwater is Lv = 24 × 105 J/kg.arrow_forward
- Overall, 80% of the energy used by the body must be eliminated as excess thermal energy and needs to be dissipated. The mechanisms of elimination are radiation, evaporation of sweat (2,430 kJ/kg), evaporation from the lungs (38 kJ/h), conduction, and convection.A person working out in a gym has a metabolic rate of 2,500 kJ/h. His body temperature is 37°C, and the outside temperature 26°C. Assume the skin has an area of 2.0 m2 and emissivity of 0.97. (σ = 5.6696 10-8 W/m2 · K4) (a) At what rate is his excess thermal energy dissipated by radiation? (Enter your answer to at least one decimal place.) W(b) If he eliminates 0.44 kg of perspiration during that hour, at what rate is thermal energy dissipated by evaporation of sweat? (Enter your answer to at least one decimal place.) W(c) At what rate is energy eliminated by evaporation from the lungs? (Enter your answer to at least one decimal place.) W(d) At what rate must the remaining excess energy be eliminated through conduction and…arrow_forwardOverall, 80% of the energy used by the body must be eliminated as excess thermal energy and needs to be dissipated. The mechanisms of elimination are radiation, evaporation of sweat (2,430 kJ/kg), evaporation from the lungs (38 kJ/h), conduction, and convection. A person working out in a gym has a metabolic rate of 2,500 kJ/h. His body temperature is 37°C, and the outside temperature 22°C. Assume the skin has an area of 2.0 m2 and emissivity of 0.97. (o = 5.6696 × 10-8 w/m2 · K4) (a) At what rate is his excess thermal energy dissipated by radiation? (Enter your answer to at least one decimal place.) 1.8e2 W (b) If he eliminates 0.44 kg of perspiration during that hour, at what rate is thermal energy dissipated by evaporation of sweat? (Enter your answer to at least one decimal place.) 3.0e2 W (c) At what rate is energy eliminated by evaporation from the lungs? (Enter your answer to at least one decimal place.) 10.6 W (d) At what rate must the remaining excess energy be eliminated…arrow_forwardA ceiling area of 100 square meters consisting of four materials. The thermal insulation value of these materials from top to bottom is (0.6, 50, 0.7 and 0.45) square meters per watt per degree, respectively. If the external temperature is 5 degrees and the internal temperature is 20 degrees, what What is the speed of heat transfer through the wall?arrow_forward
- The average thermal conductivity of the walls (including windows) and roof of a house in the figure shown below is 4.8 x 104 kW/m - °C, and their average thickness is 20.8 cm. The house is heated with natural gas, with a heat of combustion (energy given off per cubic meter of gas burned) of 9,300 kcal/m3. How many cubic meters of gas must be burned each day to maintain an inside temperature of 27.3°C if the outside temperature is 0.0°C? Disregard surface air layers, radiation, and energy loss by heat through the ground. m3 37.0 5.00 m 8.00 m 10.0 marrow_forwardSuppose you are trying to choose between two winter jackets. Suppose also that you have a heat-producing mannequin available for your use and you are able to adjust the mannequin’s rate of heat production. According to the equation: M = (1/I)(TB-TA) described in chapter 10, insulation is equal to (TB – TA)/M (this is in fact a general equation for insulation). How would you make a quantitative comparison of the insulation provided by the two jackets?arrow_forwardOverall, 80% of the energy used by the body must be eliminated as excess thermal energy and needs to be dissipated. The mechanisms of elimination are radiation, evaporation of sweat (2,430 kJ/kg), evaporation from the lungs (38 kJ/h), conduction, and convection. A person working out in a gym has a metabolic rate of 2,500 kJ/h. His body temperature is 37°C, and the outside 5.6696 x 10-8 W/m2 · K4) temperature 22°C. Assume the skin has an area of 2.0 m2 and emissivity of 0.97. (o %D (a) At what rate is his excess thermal energy dissipated by radiation? (Enter your answer to at least one decimal place.) 136.7 Your response differs from the correct answer by more than 10%. Double check your calculations. W (b) If he eliminates 0.44 kg of perspiration during that hour, at what rate is thermal energy dissipated by evaporation of sweat? (Enter your answer to at least one decimal place.) W (c) At what rate is energy eliminated by evaporation from the lungs? (Enter your answer to at least one…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781285737027Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781285737027
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning