Chapter 18, Problem 2DAA

Summary Introduction

To find: The species that is most closely related to the “Apapane” (Himatione sanguinea).

Concept introduction: A cladogram is a diagrammatic representation used to represent the relationship between the different groups of organisms. It is very helpful for comparing many number of clades based on different aspects. A clade is a group of species used in cladograms, which consists of one ancestor and all its descendants. Outgroups in a cladogram are used as point of comparison for the ingroup and completely allows for the phylogeny to be rooted.