Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 2DAA
Summary Introduction

To find: The species that is most closely related to the “Apapane” (Himatione sanguinea).

Concept introduction: A cladogram is a diagrammatic representation used to represent the relationship between the different groups of organisms. It is very helpful for comparing many number of clades based on different aspects. A clade is a group of species used in cladograms, which consists of one ancestor and all its descendants. Outgroups in a cladogram are used as point of comparison for the ingroup and completely allows for the phylogeny to be rooted.

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L Gymnospermae 100 200 100 200 300 Amphibia 0 50 100 150 200 0 25 50 75 100 Aranea Diptera 50 100 150 50 100 150 200 250 50 100 150 200 250 050 100 150 200 Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups. Question 8. Suppose species in old clades were more likely to go extinct. How would this change the relationship between clade age and species richness? Log (richness) Log (richness) Log (richness) Angiospermae 0 100 Actinopterygii ● • 0100 200 0 200 ● ● T 300 400 Squamata 0 2. 0 6 0 0 0 300 4 2 0 2 0 4 2- 0 Pteridophyta 200 0 100 Mammalia ● 000 00 0 25 Coleoptera 0 300 50 75 2 2 0 Aves Chondricthyes
Gymnospermae 100 200 Amphibia 050 100 150 200 Aranea 50 100 150 0 50 100 150 200 250 50 100 150 200 250 50 100 150 200 Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Clade age (my) Figure 3. The relationship between species richness and clade age in twelve groups. Question 5. In which animal group(s) is there a strong positive relationship between species richness and clade age? Question 6. What is the relationship between species richness and clade age in mammals? Log (richness) Log (richness) Log (richness) Angiospermae 0 100 Actinopterygii ● ● ● T 200 300 400 Squamata 0 0 100 200 2. 0 2 0 300 6 4 2 2 0 10 2 0 Pteridophyta 200 0 100 Mammalia ●00 000000 0 25 50 75 Coleoptera 300 0 2 0 0 100 Aves 0 Chondricthyes 200 300 0 25 50 75 100 Diptera
In which of the following option, genus, characters and its class/phylum are incorrectly matched? Genus Characters Class/ Phylum Presence of wings (a) |(1)Corvus Aves Air sacs connected to |(b) lungs Distinct male and (a) female |(2)Wuchereria Aschelminthes (b) Internal fertilization Presence of two pairs of |(a) limbs (3)Hyla Amphibia |(b)Body is divisible into head and trunk (a) Lives in fresh water |(4)Lamprey Chondrichthyes (b)Cold blooded animal
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