Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 4SQ
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction: Cladistics is a biological classification approach in which the organisms are grouped based on the most recent common ancestor. Like any other method of classifications, it has also its own procedures, hypothesis, and limitations. Cladistics is based on both parsimony analysis and derived traits.
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A cladogram or phylogenetic tree is used to classify organisms into groups based on their shared characteristics, where each node or branching point is known as _________________.
Group of answer choices
A. Common ancestry
B. New species
C. Reproductive isolation
D. New characteristic
E. None of the answers are correct
In cladograms, sister groups are______ . a. inbred c. represented by nodes b. the same age d. in the same family
E F
G
A B C D
K
H
J
I
1) Which split came first, G or H?
2) If a trait changed on the line between J and H, how would we describe the new trait in A and B?
a. Ancestral
b. Derived
c. Shared Ancestral
d. Shared Derived
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18 - In cladistics, the only taxon that is always...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2SQCh. 18 - A clade is _________. a. defined by a derived...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4SQCh. 18 - In cladograms, sister groups are _______ . a....Ch. 18 - Through _______, a body part of an ancestor is...Ch. 18 - Homologous structures among major groups of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8SQCh. 18 - Mitochondrial DNA sequences are often used in...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...
Ch. 18 - Prob. 2DAACh. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...Ch. 18 - Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the...Ch. 18 - True or false? DNA barcoding can identify an...Ch. 18 - A mutation that alters the embryonic expression...Ch. 18 - All of the following data types can be used as...Ch. 18 - True or false? Phylogeny helps us study the spread...Ch. 18 - Prob. 15SQCh. 18 - In the late 1800s, a biologist studying animal...Ch. 18 - The photos shown above illustrate a case of...
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- A. Regarding modern Homo sapiens' origins, which of the following theories most closely matches this statement: one group of Homo erectus evolved into modern humans, and spread out of Africa, replacing other erectus populations along the way. a. African hybridization and replacement model b. Regional continuity model c. Replacement model d. H. antecessor origin theoryarrow_forwardUse the shapes below to answer Question number 2. Please be accurate and complete it CORRECTLY. Don’t use previous answers.arrow_forwardPlease help with the following: ______________ can be used to determine the last common ancestor shared by two divergent species. A. Y-chromosome analysis B. VNTR analysis C. Rudolph's admixture hypothesis D. mtDNA analysis E. whole DNA sequencingarrow_forward
- A less common but accurate definition of evolution is the change of allele frequencies in an individual. a. True b. Falsearrow_forwardSeveral new tetraploid species of a plant called salsify (Tragopogon) have arisen in western North America. These new species each arose from a diploid species that went through the process of allopolyploidy. This mode of speciation is a type of ________ and it occurs ________. A. allopatric speciation; almost instantaneously B. sympatric speciation; gradually C. allopatric speciation; very slowly D. sympatric speciation; quicklyarrow_forwardA common and accurate definition of evolution is the change of an individual’s heritable trait. a. False b. Truearrow_forward
- What is not always true of a valid binomial species name like Homo sapiens? A. It includes the genus name B. It is the first published name applied to the biological species C. It is defined by autapomorphic character states D. Technically, it consists of a noun and an adjective asaparrow_forwardYou are studying the evolution of a trait in two species of snakes where both species can flatten themselves so that they can glide from tree to tree. You know that this trait is not present in the ancestor of all snakes. With this information, is the trait a homology? a. Yes b. No c. Only in one of the species. d. Not enough information to tell.arrow_forwardAccording to "The Complex Evolution of Homo sapiens", all early Homo sapiens looked the same. They did not have any archaic traits. A. True B.Falsearrow_forward
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