Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 4SQ
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction: Cladistics is a biological classification approach in which the organisms are grouped based on the most recent common ancestor. Like any other method of classifications, it has also its own procedures, hypothesis, and limitations. Cladistics is based on both parsimony analysis and derived traits.
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A cladogram or phylogenetic tree is used to classify organisms into groups based on their shared characteristics, where each node or branching point is known as _________________.
Group of answer choices
A. Common ancestry
B. New species
C. Reproductive isolation
D. New characteristic
E. None of the answers are correct
The evolution of various life forms on Earth is summarized in ________.
a.
the binomial naming system
b.
phylogenetic trees
c.
the taxonomic classification system
a.Explain the four basic criteria on which RH Whittaker system of classification is based on.
b. Briefly describe the main concepts of evolution by natural selection
c.Distinguish between the two kingdom classifications carolus Linnaeus.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 18 - In cladistics, the only taxon that is always...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2SQCh. 18 - A clade is _________. a. defined by a derived...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4SQCh. 18 - In cladograms, sister groups are _______ . a....Ch. 18 - Through _______, a body part of an ancestor is...Ch. 18 - Homologous structures among major groups of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8SQCh. 18 - Mitochondrial DNA sequences are often used in...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...
Ch. 18 - Prob. 2DAACh. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...Ch. 18 - Hawaiian Honeycreeper Phylogeny The Poouli...Ch. 18 - Molecular clocks are based on comparisons of the...Ch. 18 - True or false? DNA barcoding can identify an...Ch. 18 - A mutation that alters the embryonic expression...Ch. 18 - All of the following data types can be used as...Ch. 18 - True or false? Phylogeny helps us study the spread...Ch. 18 - Prob. 15SQCh. 18 - In the late 1800s, a biologist studying animal...Ch. 18 - The photos shown above illustrate a case of...
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- A. What does the picture tell? B. Describe their appearance C. Based on your judgment, do you agree in the caption of the picture? Yes or No? Whyarrow_forwardThe presence or absence of a trait of interest in a lineage is said to be an uninformative character for a phylogenetic reconstruction when the number of changes for that trait - A. occurs only in the outgroup and in one ingroup species. B. is the same for any hypothetical tree. C. is always different for any hypothetical tree. D. occurs only in the outgroup but not in any ingroup species.arrow_forwardThe difference between sympatric and parapatric speciation is_______ . a. parapatric speciation occurs only in velvet walking worms b. sympatric speciation requires a barrier to gene flow c. the extent of overlap in range d.reproductive isolation does not occurarrow_forward
- A. Regarding modern Homo sapiens' origins, which of the following theories most closely matches this statement: one group of Homo erectus evolved into modern humans, and spread out of Africa, replacing other erectus populations along the way. a. African hybridization and replacement model b. Regional continuity model c. Replacement model d. H. antecessor origin theoryarrow_forward19. Lumber lordosis or the inward 's-shapes' curve of the human spine, can be described as a ___ trait: or a trait that the human species have, but is not present in older species such as the last common ancestor that the lineage of human species shared with the last common ancestor to chimpanzees. a. Obtained b. Derived c. Evolved d. Primativearrow_forwardThe principle of parsimony a. helps evolutionary biologists distinguish among competing phylogenetic hypotheses. b. does not require that the polarity of traits be determined. c. is a way to avoid having to use outgroups in a phylogenetic analysis. d. cannot be applied to molecular traits.arrow_forward
- Use the shapes below to answer Question number 2. Please be accurate and complete it CORRECTLY. Don’t use previous answers.arrow_forwardPlease help with the following: ______________ can be used to determine the last common ancestor shared by two divergent species. A. Y-chromosome analysis B. VNTR analysis C. Rudolph's admixture hypothesis D. mtDNA analysis E. whole DNA sequencingarrow_forwardA less common but accurate definition of evolution is the change of allele frequencies in an individual. a. True b. Falsearrow_forward
- What information can be easily shown in a cladogram? Select all that applies. I. Parent-offspring relationships I. Evolutionary relationships II. Adaptive traits IV. Unique molecular markersarrow_forwardA common and accurate definition of evolution is the change of an individual’s heritable trait. a. False b. Truearrow_forwardWhat is not always true of a valid binomial species name like Homo sapiens? A. It includes the genus name B. It is the first published name applied to the biological species C. It is defined by autapomorphic character states D. Technically, it consists of a noun and an adjective asaparrow_forward
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