
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The
Concept introduction:
The functional groups are attached to carbon skeleton in any organic molecule which determines the properties of the organic molecule. Some of the functional groups are hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.
(b)
Interpretation:
The given amine needs to be labeled as 10, 20 or 30.
Concept introduction:
The derivative of ammonia is known as
(c)
Interpretation:
The alcohol needs to be labeled as 10, 20 or 30in given structure.
Concept introduction:
An alcohol can be classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
In alcohols, hydrogen atoms of the C atom directly attached to the -OH group can be replaced by an alkyl or aryl group.
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether there is any 40 or quaternary carbon in the given structure or not needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
If carbon atom is attached to 4 other carbon atoms, then it is labeled as a 40 or quaternary carbon. The hydrocarbons with at least 5 carbon atoms can have quaternary carbon. This can not be possible in the case of linear
(e)
Interpretation:
The chiral centers of terfenadine molecule needs to be labeled.
Concept Introduction:
The molecules with a chiral center that can form a superimposable mirror image and known as enantiomers. There should not be any plane of symmetry in a molecule to be chiral. A plane that bisects a molecule into two equal halves is known as a plane of symmetry. If there is a plane of symmetry in a molecule and it is identical to any of its mirror image, it is considered as achiral. The chiral center is carbon attached to 4 different groups attached to it.
(f)
Interpretation:
The structure of terfenadinehydrochloride molecule needs to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Terfenadinehydrochloride can be defined as the hydrochloride salt of terfenadine. Terfenadine can be introduced as an antihistamine. Terfenadine is used in the treatment of allergies.

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Chapter 18 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM
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