(a) Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated. Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.78P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

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Students have asked these similar questions

Consider the tetracyclic aromatic compound drawn below, with rings labeled as A, B, C, and D. (a) Which of the four rings is most reactive in electrophilic aromatic substitution? (b) Which of the four rings is least reactive in electrophilic aromatic substitution? (c) What are the major product(s) formed when this compound is treated with one equivalent of Br2?

Acyclovir is an effective antiviral agent used to treat the herpes simplexvirus. (a) Draw the enol form of acyclovir, and explain why it is aromatic.(b) Why is acyclovir typically drawn in its keto form, despite the fact thatits enol is aromatic?

Methotrexate, a drug that inhibits the metabolism of folic acid, is used in the treatment of a variety of cancers and autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. (a) GIve the hybridization of each N atom in methotrexate. (b) In what type of orbital does the lone pair of each N reside? (c) Explain why the bicyclic ring system that contains four N atoms is aromatic.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.78P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.78P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.78P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.78P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.78P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.78P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs on the ring with the N atom in indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C8 than C7 in quinoline is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason as to why electrophilic substitution occurs more readily at C3 rather than C2 of indole is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.

Answer 12

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.6P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.7P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.8P Ch. 18 - Problem 18.9 Draw the product of each reaction a....Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that electrophilic substitution occurs on the ring without N atom for quinoline, but occurs in the resonance. The electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electron

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Chapter 18 Solutions