
Concept explainers
Synthesize each compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagents.
a. c.
e.
g.
b. d.
f.
h.

(a)
Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.
Answer to Problem 18.63P
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:
Explanation of Solution
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1
The synthesis of given compound takes place by chlorination of benzene, Friedel-Craft acylation and clemmensen reduction at last step.
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

(b)
Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.
Answer to Problem 18.63P
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:
Explanation of Solution
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2
The synthesis of given compound take place in four steps: Friedel-Craft alkylation, sulfonation, chlorination and at last oxidation.
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

(c)
Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.
Answer to Problem 18.63P
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:
Explanation of Solution
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3
The first, second, third and fourth step involved in the synthesis of given compound is chlorination, Friedel-Craft acylation, Wittig reaction and nitration, respectively.
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

(d)
Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.
Answer to Problem 18.63P
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:
Explanation of Solution
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4
The first step of the synthesis is Friedel-Craft alkylation reaction. The product of this reaction undergoes nitration reaction. In next step, the
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

(e)
Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.
Answer to Problem 18.63P
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:
Explanation of Solution
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5
Benzene undergoes nitration on reaction with
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

(f)
Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.
Answer to Problem 18.63P
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:
Explanation of Solution
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6
Benzene on Friedel-Craft alkylation with ethylchloride gives ethylbenzene. This product undergoes bromination in presence of light. The next step involves the abstraction of bromine on reaction with tertiary butoxide. This leads to the formation of
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

(g)
Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.
Answer to Problem 18.63P
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:
Explanation of Solution
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7
The first two steps involved in the synthesis of given compound are Friedel-Craft alkylation followed by chlorination in the presence of light. The chlorine group is replaced by hydroxyl group on reaction with
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 7.

(h)
Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.
Answer to Problem 18.63P
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:
Explanation of Solution
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8
Benzene on Friedel-Craft alkylation with ethylchloride gives ethylbenzene. This product undergoes bromination in presence of light. The next step involves the abstraction of bromine on reaction with tertiary butoxide. This leads to the formation of
The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 8.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 18 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Draw the Haworth projection of the disaccharide made by joining D-glucose and D-mannose with a ẞ(1-4) glycosidic bond. If the disaccharide has more than one anomer, you can draw any of them. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Xarrow_forwardEpoxides can be opened in aqueous acid or aqueous base to produce diols (molecules with two OH groups). In this question, you'll explore the mechanism of epoxide opening in aqueous acid. 2nd attempt Be sure to show all four bonds at stereocenters using hash and wedge lines. 0 0 Draw curved arrows to show how the epoxide reacts with hydronium ion. 100 +1: 1st attempt Feedback Be sure to show all four bonds at stereocenters using hash and wedge lines. See Periodic Table See Hint H A 5 F F Hr See Periodic Table See Hintarrow_forward03 Question (1 point) For the reaction below, draw both of the major organic products. Be sure to consider stereochemistry. > 1. CH₂CH₂MgBr 2. H₂O 3rd attempt Draw all four bonds at chiral centers. Draw all stereoisomers formed. Draw the structures here. e 130 AN H See Periodic Table See Hint P C Brarrow_forward
- You may wish to address the following issues in your response if they are pertinent to the reaction(s) you propose to employ:1) Chemoselectivity (why this functional group and not another?) 2) Regioselectivity (why here and not there?) 3) Stereoselectivity (why this stereoisomer?) 4) Changes in oxidation state. Please make it in detail and draw it out too in what step what happens. Thank you for helping me!arrow_forward1) Chemoselectivity (why this functional group and not another?) 2) Regioselectivity (why here and not there?) 3) Stereoselectivity (why this stereoisomer?) 4) Changes in oxidation state. Everything in detail and draw out and write it.arrow_forwardCalculating the pH at equivalence of a titration 3/5 Izabella A chemist titrates 120.0 mL of a 0.7191M dimethylamine ((CH3)2NH) solution with 0.5501 M HBr solution at 25 °C. Calculate the pH at equivalence. The pk of dimethylamine is 3.27. Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Note for advanced students: you may assume the total volume of the solution equals the initial volume plus the volume of HBr solution added. pH = ☐ ✓ 18 Ar Boarrow_forward
- Alcohols can be synthesized using an acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene. An alkene is combined with aqueous acid (e.. sulfuric acid in water). The reaction mechanism typically involves a carbocation intermediate. > 3rd attempt 3343 10 8 Draw arrows to show the reaction between the alkene and hydronium ion. that 2nd attempt Feedback 1st attempt تعمال Ju See Periodic Table See Hint F D Ju See Periodic Table See Hintarrow_forwardDraw the simplified curved arrow mechanism for the reaction of acetone and CHgLi to give the major product. 4th attempt Π Draw the simplified curved arrow mechanism T 3rd attempt Feedback Ju See Periodic Table See Hint H -H H -I H F See Periodic Table See Hintarrow_forwardSelect the correct reagent to accomplish the first step of this reaction. Then draw a mechanism on the Grignard reagent using curved arrow notation to show how it is converted to the final product. 4th attempt Part 1 (0.5 point) Select the correct reagent to accomplish the first step of this reaction. Choose one: OA Mg in ethanol (EtOH) OB. 2 Li in THF O C. Li in THF D. Mg in THF O E Mg in H2O Part 2 (0.5 point) Br Part 1 Bri Mg CH B CH, 1 Draw intermediate here, but no arrows. © TE See Periodic Table See Hint See Hint ין Harrow_forward
- Select the product for the following reaction. HO HO PCC OH ○ OH O HO ○ HO HO HOarrow_forward5:45 Х Select the final product for the following reaction sequence. O O 1. Mg. ether 2.D.Oarrow_forwardBased on the chart Two similarities between the molecule with alpha glycosidic linkages. Two similarities between the molecules with beta glycosidtic linkages. Two differences between the alpha and beta glycosidic linkages.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning

