Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: Whether the given substituent exhibits an electron-withdrawing or an electron-donating inductive effect is to be identified.
Concept introduction: The atoms which are more electronegative than carbon pull charge density away from carbon and exhibit an electron-withdrawing inductive effect. Alkyl groups donate electron density, thus exhibit an electron donation inductive effect.
(b)
Interpretation: Whether the given substituent exhibits an electron-withdrawing or an electron-donating inductive effect is to be identified.
Concept introduction: The atoms which are more electronegative than carbon pull charge density away from carbon and exhibit an electron-withdrawing inductive effect. Alkyl groups donate electron density, thus exhibit an electron donation inductive effect.
(c)
Interpretation: Whether the given substituent exhibits an electron-withdrawing or an electron-donating inductive effect is to be identified.
Concept introduction: The atoms which are more electronegative than carbon pull charge density away from carbon and exhibit an electron-withdrawing inductive effect. Alkyl groups donate electron density, thus exhibit an electron donation inductive effect.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 18 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Briefly, but clearly, explain why the –OH hydrogen in acetic acid (CH3CO2H) is more acidic than in ethanol (C2H5OH).arrow_forwardWhen the conjugate acid of aniline, C6H5NH3+, reacts with the acetate ion, the following reaction takes place: C6H5NH3+(aq)+CH3COO(aq)C6H5NH2(aq)+CH3COOH(aq) If Kafor C6H5NH3+ is 1.35105 and Kafor CH3COOH is 1.86105 , what is K for the reaction?arrow_forwardComplete the following acid-base reactions. (a) CH3CH2CH2CH2Li + CH3COOH (b) CH3CH2CH2CH2MgBr + CH3CH2OHarrow_forward
- Rank the following compounds in order of increasing basicity. CH3 CH3 O₂N ||| fo H3C CH3 CH3 IV A) || < | < V < III < IV B) || < V < | < ||| < IV C) IV < I< III < V < || D) || < V < ||| < | < |V H3Carrow_forward4-Methylphenol is more acidic than ethanol (pKa 10.36 vs 16.0) , even though both contain an OH group and a methyl group. Draw the structures of the anions formed from loss of the alcoholic protons from both compounds. Use resonance to explain the difference in their respective acidities.arrow_forwardSection 1: (a) Circle the compound which undergoes decarboxylation when heated. HO2C HO,C CO,H B (b) Which carbon atom has the most acidic hydrogen in the following compound? 2arrow_forward
- Complete the following acid-base reactions.arrow_forward(a) Rank the following molecules from most acidic to least acidic. Use the format 1>2 if you want to indicufe lis more acidic than 2. circle the molecules which can be >50% deprotonated in water nor 요.. 애 2 ii 3 A 4arrow_forwardDraw a Lewis structure of sodium ethyl mercaptide (NaSC2H5), showing all relevant lone pairs and formal charges. Based on the structure you drew, do you expect that it would act as a good nucleophile? Do you expect it to act as a strong base?arrow_forward
- Which compound engages in an acid-base reaction with water? = HC HU HC C H A A NH₂ CH B Both A and B Neither A nor B CH 11 HC=CH CH H HC=C HC <=C UH B CH₂ CH HC=CH CHarrow_forwardPQ-27. What is the product of this reaction? (A) 0 OH a (B) (D) H₂ Ptarrow_forwardAn organic acid can be represented by: ‖ CH3 – CH2 – C – H O ‖ CH3 – CH2 – C – OH O ‖ CH3 – C – CH3 CH3 – CH2 - O – CH3arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning