Chapter 18, Problem 18.59QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The entropy changes in the given reaction a process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy: It’s is the measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work. Symbol for entropy is $\text{S}$, unit: $\text{J/Kmol}$

Entropy was also defined as the randomness or disorder of the system. Since its thermodynamic state function it can be measured at instant, rather it was calculated as the difference in entropy of the two states, which was denoted by the symbol $\Delta \text{S}$.

For a chemical reaction, the major contribution of entropy change can be predicted from the difference in the number of moles of gaseous products to the gaseous reactants.

$\text{Δ}{\text{n}}_g\text{= }{\displaystyle \sum \text{number of moles of gaseous}\text{product}}\text{s-}{\displaystyle \sum \text{number}\text{of}\text{moles}\text{of gaseous}\text{reactants}}$.

In order of increasing entropy of states of matter:

S (solid) < S (liquid) < S (gas)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The entropy changes in the given reaction a process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy: It’s is the measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work. Symbol for entropy is $\text{S}$, unit: $\text{J/Kmol}$

Entropy was also defined as the randomness or disorder of the system. Since its thermodynamic state function it can be measured at instant, rather it was calculated as the difference in entropy of the two states, which was denoted by the symbol $\Delta \text{S}$.

For a chemical reaction, the major contribution of entropy change can be predicted from the difference in the number of moles of gaseous products to the gaseous reactants.

$\text{Δ}{\text{n}}_g\text{= }{\displaystyle \sum \text{number of moles of gaseous}\text{product}}\text{s-}{\displaystyle \sum \text{number}\text{of}\text{moles}\text{of gaseous}\text{reactants}}$.

In order of increasing entropy of states of matter:

S (solid) < S (liquid) < S (gas)

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The entropy changes in the given reaction a process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy: It’s is the measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work. Symbol for entropy is $\text{S}$, unit: $\text{J/Kmol}$

Entropy was also defined as the randomness or disorder of the system. Since its thermodynamic state function it can be measured at instant, rather it was calculated as the difference in entropy of the two states, which was denoted by the symbol $\Delta \text{S}$.

For a chemical reaction, the major contribution of entropy change can be predicted from the difference in the number of moles of gaseous products to the gaseous reactants.

$\text{Δ}{\text{n}}_g\text{= }{\displaystyle \sum \text{number of moles of gaseous}\text{product}}\text{s-}{\displaystyle \sum \text{number}\text{of}\text{moles}\text{of gaseous}\text{reactants}}$.

In order of increasing entropy of states of matter:

S (solid) < S (liquid) < S (gas)

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The entropy changes in the given reaction a process has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Entropy: It’s is the measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work. Symbol for entropy is $\text{S}$, unit: $\text{J/Kmol}$

Entropy was also defined as the randomness or disorder of the system. Since its thermodynamic state function it can be measured at instant, rather it was calculated as the difference in entropy of the two states, which was denoted by the symbol $\Delta \text{S}$.

For a chemical reaction, the major contribution of entropy change can be predicted from the difference in the number of moles of gaseous products to the gaseous reactants.

$\text{Δ}{\text{n}}_g\text{= }{\displaystyle \sum \text{number of moles of gaseous}\text{product}}\text{s-}{\displaystyle \sum \text{number}\text{of}\text{moles}\text{of gaseous}\text{reactants}}$.

In order of increasing entropy of states of matter:

S (solid) < S (liquid) < S (gas)