Spontaneous process has to be explained and two examples for spontaneous and non spontaneous process have to be given. Concept introduction: Any natural process or a chemical reaction taking place in a laboratory can be classified into two categories, spontaneous or nonspontaneous. Spontaneous process occurs by itself, without the influence of external energy. In spontaneous process the free energy of the system decreases and entropy of the system increases. Nonspontaneous process requires an external influence for initiation. In nonspontaneous process the free energy of the system increases but entropy in the system decreases.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.1QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Spontaneous process has to be explained and two examples for spontaneous and non spontaneous process have to be given.

Concept introduction:

Any natural process or a chemical reaction taking place in a laboratory can be classified into two categories, spontaneous or nonspontaneous. Spontaneous process occurs by itself, without the influence of external energy. In spontaneous process the free energy of the system decreases and entropy of the system increases. Nonspontaneous process requires an external influence for initiation. In nonspontaneous process the free energy of the system increases but entropy in the system decreases.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 18.1QP

Spontaneous process can be defined as any process that is occurring without the influence of external energy or influence. Melting of ice in room temperature and rusting of iron at room temperature are examples of spontaneous processes. Spontaneous process is associated with a decrease in free energy and the increase in the entropy of the system.

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy. Flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region and diffusion of gas molecules, from region of high pressure to low pressure are the examples of nonspontaneous process. There will be an increase in free energy and decrease of entropy of the system.

Explanation of Solution

To define spontaneous process

Spontaneous process can be defined as any process that is occurring without the influence of external energy.

Spontaneous process is any process which can take place by itself. Spontaneous process is associated with a decrease in free energy and the increase in the entropy of the system. Ice is melted into water at room temperature without the influence of any external energy. Hence it is an example of spontaneous process.

To give examples for spontaneous process

Any process that is initiated by itself is spontaneous.

Examples for spontaneous process

Melting of ice in room temperature
Rusting of iron at room temperature

To explain non-spontaneous process

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy.

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy. For example, the flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region is not possible without the external influence. It can be considered as a nonspontaneous process. There will be an increase in free energy and decrease of entropy of the system.

To give examples for nonspontaneous process

A process which is initiated by external influence of energy is nonspontaneous.

Examples of non spontaneous process

Flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region.
Diffusion of gas molecules from region of high pressure to low pressure

Conclusion

Spontaneous process was explained and two examples for spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes were given.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Is nucleophilic acyl substitution an SN1 or SN2 reaction?

Draw product A, indicating what type of reaction occurs. NH2 F3C CF3 NH OMe NH2-NH2, ACOH A

Photochemical smog is formed in part by the action of light on nitrogen dioxide. The wavelength of radiation absorbed by NO2 in this reaction is 197 nm.(a) Draw the Lewis structure of NO2 and sketch its π molecular orbitals.(b) When 1.56 mJ of energy is absorbed by 3.0 L of air at 20 °C and 0.91 atm, all the NO2 molecules in this sample dissociate by the reaction shown. Assume that each absorbed photon leads to the dissociation (into NO and O) of one NO2 molecule. What is the proportion, in parts per million, of NO2 molecules in this sample? Assume that the sample behaves ideally.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.1QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Spontaneous process has to be explained and two examples for spontaneous and non spontaneous process have to be given.

Concept introduction:

Any natural process or a chemical reaction taking place in a laboratory can be classified into two categories, spontaneous or nonspontaneous. Spontaneous process occurs by itself, without the influence of external energy. In spontaneous process the free energy of the system decreases and entropy of the system increases. Nonspontaneous process requires an external influence for initiation. In nonspontaneous process the free energy of the system increases but entropy in the system decreases.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 18.1QP

Spontaneous process can be defined as any process that is occurring without the influence of external energy or influence. Melting of ice in room temperature and rusting of iron at room temperature are examples of spontaneous processes. Spontaneous process is associated with a decrease in free energy and the increase in the entropy of the system.

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy. Flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region and diffusion of gas molecules, from region of high pressure to low pressure are the examples of nonspontaneous process. There will be an increase in free energy and decrease of entropy of the system.

Explanation of Solution

To define spontaneous process

Spontaneous process can be defined as any process that is occurring without the influence of external energy.

Spontaneous process is any process which can take place by itself. Spontaneous process is associated with a decrease in free energy and the increase in the entropy of the system. Ice is melted into water at room temperature without the influence of any external energy. Hence it is an example of spontaneous process.

To give examples for spontaneous process

Any process that is initiated by itself is spontaneous.

Examples for spontaneous process

Melting of ice in room temperature
Rusting of iron at room temperature

To explain non-spontaneous process

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy.

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy. For example, the flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region is not possible without the external influence. It can be considered as a nonspontaneous process. There will be an increase in free energy and decrease of entropy of the system.

To give examples for nonspontaneous process

A process which is initiated by external influence of energy is nonspontaneous.

Examples of non spontaneous process

Flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region.
Diffusion of gas molecules from region of high pressure to low pressure

Conclusion

Spontaneous process was explained and two examples for spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes were given.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.1QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Spontaneous process has to be explained and two examples for spontaneous and non spontaneous process have to be given.

Concept introduction:

Any natural process or a chemical reaction taking place in a laboratory can be classified into two categories, spontaneous or nonspontaneous. Spontaneous process occurs by itself, without the influence of external energy. In spontaneous process the free energy of the system decreases and entropy of the system increases. Nonspontaneous process requires an external influence for initiation. In nonspontaneous process the free energy of the system increases but entropy in the system decreases.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 18.1QP

Spontaneous process can be defined as any process that is occurring without the influence of external energy or influence. Melting of ice in room temperature and rusting of iron at room temperature are examples of spontaneous processes. Spontaneous process is associated with a decrease in free energy and the increase in the entropy of the system.

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy. Flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region and diffusion of gas molecules, from region of high pressure to low pressure are the examples of nonspontaneous process. There will be an increase in free energy and decrease of entropy of the system.

Explanation of Solution

To define spontaneous process

Spontaneous process can be defined as any process that is occurring without the influence of external energy.

Spontaneous process is any process which can take place by itself. Spontaneous process is associated with a decrease in free energy and the increase in the entropy of the system. Ice is melted into water at room temperature without the influence of any external energy. Hence it is an example of spontaneous process.

To give examples for spontaneous process

Any process that is initiated by itself is spontaneous.

Examples for spontaneous process

Melting of ice in room temperature
Rusting of iron at room temperature

To explain non-spontaneous process

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy.

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy. For example, the flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region is not possible without the external influence. It can be considered as a nonspontaneous process. There will be an increase in free energy and decrease of entropy of the system.

To give examples for nonspontaneous process

A process which is initiated by external influence of energy is nonspontaneous.

Examples of non spontaneous process

Flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region.
Diffusion of gas molecules from region of high pressure to low pressure

Conclusion

Spontaneous process was explained and two examples for spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes were given.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.1QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Spontaneous process has to be explained and two examples for spontaneous and non spontaneous process have to be given.

Concept introduction:

Any natural process or a chemical reaction taking place in a laboratory can be classified into two categories, spontaneous or nonspontaneous. Spontaneous process occurs by itself, without the influence of external energy. In spontaneous process the free energy of the system decreases and entropy of the system increases. Nonspontaneous process requires an external influence for initiation. In nonspontaneous process the free energy of the system increases but entropy in the system decreases.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 18.1QP

Spontaneous process can be defined as any process that is occurring without the influence of external energy or influence. Melting of ice in room temperature and rusting of iron at room temperature are examples of spontaneous processes. Spontaneous process is associated with a decrease in free energy and the increase in the entropy of the system.

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy. Flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region and diffusion of gas molecules, from region of high pressure to low pressure are the examples of nonspontaneous process. There will be an increase in free energy and decrease of entropy of the system.

Explanation of Solution

To define spontaneous process

Spontaneous process can be defined as any process that is occurring without the influence of external energy.

Spontaneous process is any process which can take place by itself. Spontaneous process is associated with a decrease in free energy and the increase in the entropy of the system. Ice is melted into water at room temperature without the influence of any external energy. Hence it is an example of spontaneous process.

To give examples for spontaneous process

Any process that is initiated by itself is spontaneous.

Examples for spontaneous process

Melting of ice in room temperature
Rusting of iron at room temperature

To explain non-spontaneous process

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy.

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy. For example, the flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region is not possible without the external influence. It can be considered as a nonspontaneous process. There will be an increase in free energy and decrease of entropy of the system.

To give examples for nonspontaneous process

A process which is initiated by external influence of energy is nonspontaneous.

Examples of non spontaneous process

Flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region.
Diffusion of gas molecules from region of high pressure to low pressure

Conclusion

Spontaneous process was explained and two examples for spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes were given.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.1QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Spontaneous process has to be explained and two examples for spontaneous and non spontaneous process have to be given.

Concept introduction:

Any natural process or a chemical reaction taking place in a laboratory can be classified into two categories, spontaneous or nonspontaneous. Spontaneous process occurs by itself, without the influence of external energy. In spontaneous process the free energy of the system decreases and entropy of the system increases. Nonspontaneous process requires an external influence for initiation. In nonspontaneous process the free energy of the system increases but entropy in the system decreases.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 18.1QP

Spontaneous process can be defined as any process that is occurring without the influence of external energy or influence. Melting of ice in room temperature and rusting of iron at room temperature are examples of spontaneous processes. Spontaneous process is associated with a decrease in free energy and the increase in the entropy of the system.

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy. Flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region and diffusion of gas molecules, from region of high pressure to low pressure are the examples of nonspontaneous process. There will be an increase in free energy and decrease of entropy of the system.

Explanation of Solution

To define spontaneous process

Spontaneous process can be defined as any process that is occurring without the influence of external energy.

Spontaneous process is any process which can take place by itself. Spontaneous process is associated with a decrease in free energy and the increase in the entropy of the system. Ice is melted into water at room temperature without the influence of any external energy. Hence it is an example of spontaneous process.

To give examples for spontaneous process

Any process that is initiated by itself is spontaneous.

Examples for spontaneous process

Melting of ice in room temperature
Rusting of iron at room temperature

To explain non-spontaneous process

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy.

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy. For example, the flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region is not possible without the external influence. It can be considered as a nonspontaneous process. There will be an increase in free energy and decrease of entropy of the system.

To give examples for nonspontaneous process

A process which is initiated by external influence of energy is nonspontaneous.

Examples of non spontaneous process

Flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region.
Diffusion of gas molecules from region of high pressure to low pressure

Conclusion

Spontaneous process was explained and two examples for spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes were given.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.1QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Spontaneous process has to be explained and two examples for spontaneous and non spontaneous process have to be given.

Concept introduction:

Any natural process or a chemical reaction taking place in a laboratory can be classified into two categories, spontaneous or nonspontaneous. Spontaneous process occurs by itself, without the influence of external energy. In spontaneous process the free energy of the system decreases and entropy of the system increases. Nonspontaneous process requires an external influence for initiation. In nonspontaneous process the free energy of the system increases but entropy in the system decreases.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 18.1QP

Spontaneous process can be defined as any process that is occurring without the influence of external energy or influence. Melting of ice in room temperature and rusting of iron at room temperature are examples of spontaneous processes. Spontaneous process is associated with a decrease in free energy and the increase in the entropy of the system.

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy. Flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region and diffusion of gas molecules, from region of high pressure to low pressure are the examples of nonspontaneous process. There will be an increase in free energy and decrease of entropy of the system.

Explanation of Solution

To define spontaneous process

Spontaneous process can be defined as any process that is occurring without the influence of external energy.

Spontaneous process is any process which can take place by itself. Spontaneous process is associated with a decrease in free energy and the increase in the entropy of the system. Ice is melted into water at room temperature without the influence of any external energy. Hence it is an example of spontaneous process.

To give examples for spontaneous process

Any process that is initiated by itself is spontaneous.

Examples for spontaneous process

Melting of ice in room temperature
Rusting of iron at room temperature

To explain non-spontaneous process

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy.

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy. For example, the flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region is not possible without the external influence. It can be considered as a nonspontaneous process. There will be an increase in free energy and decrease of entropy of the system.

To give examples for nonspontaneous process

A process which is initiated by external influence of energy is nonspontaneous.

Examples of non spontaneous process

Flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region.
Diffusion of gas molecules from region of high pressure to low pressure

Conclusion

Spontaneous process was explained and two examples for spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes were given.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.1QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Spontaneous process has to be explained and two examples for spontaneous and non spontaneous process have to be given.

Concept introduction:

Any natural process or a chemical reaction taking place in a laboratory can be classified into two categories, spontaneous or nonspontaneous. Spontaneous process occurs by itself, without the influence of external energy. In spontaneous process the free energy of the system decreases and entropy of the system increases. Nonspontaneous process requires an external influence for initiation. In nonspontaneous process the free energy of the system increases but entropy in the system decreases.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 18.1QP

Spontaneous process can be defined as any process that is occurring without the influence of external energy or influence. Melting of ice in room temperature and rusting of iron at room temperature are examples of spontaneous processes. Spontaneous process is associated with a decrease in free energy and the increase in the entropy of the system.

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy. Flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region and diffusion of gas molecules, from region of high pressure to low pressure are the examples of nonspontaneous process. There will be an increase in free energy and decrease of entropy of the system.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

To define spontaneous process

Spontaneous process can be defined as any process that is occurring without the influence of external energy.

Spontaneous process is any process which can take place by itself. Spontaneous process is associated with a decrease in free energy and the increase in the entropy of the system. Ice is melted into water at room temperature without the influence of any external energy. Hence it is an example of spontaneous process.

To give examples for spontaneous process

Any process that is initiated by itself is spontaneous.

Examples for spontaneous process

Melting of ice in room temperature
Rusting of iron at room temperature

To explain non-spontaneous process

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy.

Non spontaneous process is initiated with the help of an external energy. For example, the flow of heat from low temperature region to high temperature region is not possible without the external influence. It can be considered as a nonspontaneous process. There will be an increase in free energy and decrease of entropy of the system.

To give examples for nonspontaneous process

A process which is initiated by external influence of energy is nonspontaneous.

Examples of non spontaneous process