The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation. Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.13QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.13QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.13QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.13QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.13QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.13QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.13QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The entropy change is positive or negative for the given set of reactions has to be predicted with explanation.

Concept Introduction: Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system. The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process. For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy. Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’. It is a state function. The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process. During a phase transition if there is a change from the solid state to the liquid or gaseous state, there will be an increase in entropy in the system. The solid state is having more orderly arrangement than the liquid state and gaseous state. If entropy is increasing in a reaction, the entropy change will have a positive sign. If there is a decrease in entropy, the entropy change will have negative sign.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

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