(a) Interpretation: The increasing order of S N 1 − E 1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated. Concept introduction: The S N 1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in S N 1 and E 1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In S N 1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E 1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E 1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.3P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of SN1−E1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in SN1 and E1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In SN1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of SN1−E1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in SN1 and E1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In SN1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

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6. Consider the following exothermic reaction below. 2Cu2+(aq) +41 (aq)2Cul(s) + 12(aq) a. If Cul is added, there will be a shift left/shift right/no shift (circle one). b. If Cu2+ is added, there will be a shift left/shift right/no shift (circle one). c. If a solution of AgNO3 is added, there will be a shift left/shift right/no shift (circle one). d. If the solvent hexane (C6H14) is added, there will be a shift left/shift right/no shift (circle one). Hint: one of the reaction species is more soluble in hexane than in water. e. If the reaction is cooled, there will be a shift left/shift right/no shift (circle one). f. Which of the changes above will change the equilibrium constant, K?

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.3P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of SN1−E1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in SN1 and E1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In SN1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of SN1−E1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in SN1 and E1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In SN1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.3P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of SN1−E1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in SN1 and E1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In SN1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of SN1−E1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in SN1 and E1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In SN1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.3P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of SN1−E1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in SN1 and E1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In SN1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of SN1−E1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in SN1 and E1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In SN1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.3P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of SN1−E1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in SN1 and E1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In SN1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of SN1−E1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in SN1 and E1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In SN1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.3P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of SN1−E1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in SN1 and E1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In SN1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.3P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of SN1−E1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in SN1 and E1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In SN1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of SN1−E1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in SN1 and E1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In SN1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The increasing order of SN1−E1 reaction of the given compounds along with the reason is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The SN1 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the substitution of nucleophile takes place. This reaction takes place in two steps. This generates a carbocation intermediate in the reaction. The first step is common in SN1 and E1 reactions i.e. the heterolysis of carbon halogen bond to form a carbocation. In SN1 pathway, the next step is substitution while in E1 pathway, the next step is elimination.According to Zaitsev rule, in E1 reactions, the more substituted or more alkylated alkene is the major product as it is more stable.

Answer 10

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.6P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.7P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.8P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the increasing order of S_TextN1- TextE1, which depends on the stability of carbocation and the leaving group ability.

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Chapter 18 Solutions