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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is the reaction in which a nucleophile attacks the electrophilic center and a substituted product is formed. It takes place by the generation of an electrophilic intermediate.
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Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
The reaction occurs by the nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism in which ethanethiolate is substituted and fluoride ion is eliminated.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 1
Nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place between
The complete reaction is shown below.
Figure 2
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 2.
(b)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is the reaction in which a nucleophile attacks the electrophilic center and a substituted product is formed. It takes place by the generation of an electrophilic intermediate.
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Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 3
The nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place when
The complete reaction is shown below.
Figure 4
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 4.
(c)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
When a base reacts with a compound, it abstracts a proton from the compound.
Catalytic hydrogenation is a reduction process of addition of hydrogen atoms in an
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Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 5
The hydrogen ion is abstracted from
The complete reaction is shown below.
Figure 6
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 6.
(d)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is the reaction in which a nucleophile attacks the electrophilic center and a substituted product is formed. It takes place by the generation of an electrophilic intermediate.
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Answer to Problem 18.70AP
No reaction takes place when chlorobenzene reacts with propylamine at
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 7
No reaction takes place when chlorobenzene reacts with propylamine at
Figure 8
No reaction takes place when chlorobenzene reacts with propylamine at
(e)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Suzuki coupling reaction is a cross-coupling reaction in which boronic acid reacts with alkyl, aryl, and vinyl halides in presence of
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Answer to Problem 18.70AP
No reaction takes place when boronic acid reacts with
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 9
No reaction takes place when boronic acid reacts with
Figure 10
No reaction takes place when boronic acid reacts with
(f)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Suzuki coupling reaction is a cross-coupling reaction in which boronic acid reacts with alkyl, aryl, and vinyl halides in presence of
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Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 11
Suzuki coupling reaction occurs when boronic acid reacts with triflate in presence of
Figure 12
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 12.
(g)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The addition of a bromine atom in the given compound is known as bromination. Bromination occurs through an electrophilic substitution reaction. Bromine atom acts as an electrophile which causes the formation of sigma bond in the reaction
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Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 13
The reaction of Pyrogallol with bromine in the presence of
Figure 14
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 14.
(h)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Stille coupling reaction is a cross-coupling reaction in which stannanes reacts with alkyl, aryl, and pseudo halides in presence of
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Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 15
The reaction of
Figure 16
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 16.
(i)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The treatment of unsaturated halide with an alkene in the presence of a base and a
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Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 17
The reaction of cyclohexene couples with vinylbromo compound in the presence of
Figure 18
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 18.
(j)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation is a process in which an oxygen atom is added, or a hydrogen atom is removed from a compound.
The compounds which oxidise the other compound are known as oxidising agents. Oxidizing agents after oxidise gets reduced.
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Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 19
The reaction of
Figure 20
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 20.
(k)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation is a process in which an oxygen atom is added, or a hydrogen atom is removed from a compound.
The compounds which oxidize the other compound are known as oxidizing agents. Oxidizing agents after oxidize gets reduced.
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Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 21
The reaction of
Figure 22
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 22.
(l)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is the reaction in which a nucleophile attacks the electrophilic center and a substituted product is formed. It takes place by the generation of an electrophilic intermediate.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 23
The reaction of
Figure 24
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 24.
(m)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is the reaction in which a nucleophile attacks the electrophilic center and a substituted product is formed. It takes place by the generation of an electrophilic intermediate.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 25
The reaction of
Figure 26
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 26.
(n)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The treatment of ether with substituted halide in the presence of heat to form corresponding alcohol. This process is known as demethylation of the methoxy group.
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Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 27
The reaction of
Figure 28
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 28.
(o)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is the reaction in which a nucleophile attacks the electrophilic center and a substituted product is formed. It takes place by the generation of an electrophilic intermediate.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 29
In the first step, the reaction of
Figure 30
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 30.
(p)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Grubbs catalyst is used to exchange of substituents between two different alkenes. Catalytic hydrogenation is a reduction process of addition of hydrogen atoms in an alkene or an alkyne by using a metal catalyst like
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Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 31
In the first step, the reaction of a diene with Grubbs
Figure 32
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 32.
(q)
Interpretation:
The reaction is to be completed by giving the major product. Also, the explanation for the corresponding reaction is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Suzuki coupling reaction is a cross-coupling reaction in which boronic acid reacts with alkyl, aryl, and vinyl halides in the presence of
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 18.70AP
The complete reaction is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction to be completed is shown below.
Figure 33
In the first step, the reaction of a given alkene with
The complete reaction is shown below.
Figure 34
The complete reaction is shown in Figure 34.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Organic Chemistry Study Guide and Solutions
- For a titration of 40.00 mL of 0.0500 M oxalic acid H2C2O4 with 0.1000 M KOH, calculate the pH at each of the following volume of KOH used in the titration: 1) before the titration begin;2) 15 mL; 3) 20 mL; 4) 25 mL; 5) 40 mL; 6) 50 mL. Ka1 = 5.90×10^-2, Ka2 = 6.50×10^-5 for oxalic acid.arrow_forwardPredict the major organic product(s), if any, of the following reactions. Assume all reagents are in excess unless otherwise indicated.arrow_forwardPredict the major organic product(s), if any, of the following reactions. Assume all reagents are in excess unless otherwise indicated.arrow_forward
- How many signals would you expect to find in the 1 H NMR spectrum of each given compound? Part 1 of 2 2 Part 2 of 2 HO 5 ☑ Х IIIIII***** §arrow_forwardA carbonyl compound has a molecular ion with a m/z of 86. The mass spectra of this compound also has a base peak with a m/z of 57. Draw the correct structure of this molecule. Drawingarrow_forwardCan you draw this using Lewis dot structures and full structures in the same way they are so that I can better visualize them and then determine resonance?arrow_forward
- Synthesize the following compound from cyclohexanol, ethanol, and any other needed reagentsarrow_forwardFor a titration of 20.00 mL of 0.0500 M H2SO4 with 0.100 M KOH, calculate the pH at each of the following volume of KOH used in the titration: 1) before the titration begin; 2) 10.00 mL; 3) 20.00 mL; 4) 30.00 mL. Ka2 = 1.20×10-2 for H2SO4.arrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s) Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps Problem 73 of 10 Drawing Amows ro HO Donearrow_forward
- 12. Synthesize the following target molecules (TMs) using the specified starting materials. .CI a) HO3S SM TM b) HO- SMarrow_forwardFor a titration of 20.00 mL of 0.0500 M H2SO4 with 0.100 M KOH, calculate the pH at each of the following volume of KOH used in the titration: 1) before the titration begin; 2) 10.00 mL; 3) 20.00 mL; 4) 30.00 mL. Ka2 = 1.20×10-2 for H2SO4.arrow_forwardWrite the systematic name of each organic molecule: structure name show work. don't give Ai generated solutionarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning
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