The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated. Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are: • If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid. • If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid. • If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid. • If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.100EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

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Consider a solution of 0.00304 moles of 4-nitrobenzoic acid (pKa = 3.442) dissolved in 25 mL water and titrated with 0.0991 M NaOH. Calculate the pH at the equivalence point

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.100EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.100EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.100EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.100EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.100EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.100EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The name of the given glucose derivatives has to be stated.

Concept introduction: The rules for writing the name of an aldose are:

• If an aldehyde group of an aldose is oxidised, an aldonic acid is obtained. The, “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “onic” acid.

• If both the aldehyde group and the alcohol is oxidised, a carbohydrate with dicarboxylic acid is obtained, called aldaric acid. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “aric” acid.

• If only alcohol group is oxidised to carboxylic acid then, an alduronic acid is obtained. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “uronic” acid.

• If aldehyde group is reduced alcohol. The “ose” from the name of the carbohydrate is replaced by “itol”.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 18.1 - In terms of mass percent, which of the following...Ch. 18.1 - Which of the following is the most abundant type...Ch. 18.2 - Which of the following statements concerning the...Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 18.3 - Which of the following is not a possible value for...Ch. 18.3 - The complete hydrolysis of a polysaccharide...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 2QQ

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