For the formation of an acetal from any carbonyl compound; is the oxygen-18 atom in carbonyl stays in the acetal or it eliminates as water, we need to find that by the mechanism. Concept Introduction: An acetal is the type of compound where two −OR group attached to a single carbon where −R is any alkyl group. Acetal forms when an alcohol reacts with a hemi acetal in acidic condition. A hemi-acetal formed when an alcohol reacts with an aldehyde / Ketone .

Question

Hydration of aldehydes and ketones can be catalyzed by acid or base. Bases catalyze hydration by: protonating the carbonyl oxygen making the carbonyl group more electrophilic employing hydroxide ion, which is a better nucleophile than water making the carbonyl group less electrophilic shifting the equilibrium position of the reaction to favor products

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.53P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the formation of an acetal from any carbonyl compound; is the oxygen-18 atom in carbonyl stays in the acetal or it eliminates as water, we need to find that by the mechanism.

Concept Introduction:

An acetal is the type of compound where two −OR group attached to a single carbon where −R is any alkyl group. Acetal forms when an alcohol reacts with a hemi acetal in acidic condition. A hemi-acetal formed when an alcohol reacts with an aldehyde / Ketone.

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Hydration of aldehydes and ketones can be catalyzed by acid or base. Bases catalyze hydration by: protonating the carbonyl oxygen making the carbonyl group more electrophilic employing hydroxide ion, which is a better nucleophile than water making the carbonyl group less electrophilic shifting the equilibrium position of the reaction to favor products

Explain why aldehydes and ketones react with a weak acid such as hydrogen cyanide but do not react with strong acids such as HCl or H2SO4 (other than being protonated by them).

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.53P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the formation of an acetal from any carbonyl compound; is the oxygen-18 atom in carbonyl stays in the acetal or it eliminates as water, we need to find that by the mechanism.

Concept Introduction:

An acetal is the type of compound where two −OR group attached to a single carbon where −R is any alkyl group. Acetal forms when an alcohol reacts with a hemi acetal in acidic condition. A hemi-acetal formed when an alcohol reacts with an aldehyde / Ketone.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.53P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the formation of an acetal from any carbonyl compound; is the oxygen-18 atom in carbonyl stays in the acetal or it eliminates as water, we need to find that by the mechanism.

Concept Introduction:

An acetal is the type of compound where two −OR group attached to a single carbon where −R is any alkyl group. Acetal forms when an alcohol reacts with a hemi acetal in acidic condition. A hemi-acetal formed when an alcohol reacts with an aldehyde / Ketone.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.53P

Interpretation Introduction