The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted. Concept introduction: Nucleophiles can attack an α,β -unsaturated carbonyl at two positions – at the nitrile carbon itself or at the β -carbon. The attack by the nucleophile at the nitrile carbon is called 1, 2- or direct addition because after protonation, the species get added to adjacent atoms. The attack at the β -carbon, on the other hand, is called 1, 4- or conjugate addition. After protonation, two species get added to the atoms separated by three bonds. Whether direct or conjugate addition takes place depends in large part on whether the nucleophile adds to the nitrile carbon reversibly or irreversibly. This, in turn, depends on the type of the nucleophile. Lithium dialkylcuprates, R 2 CuLi , can be simplified as the nucleophilic species R − .

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 17, Problem 17.27P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophiles can attack an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl at two positions – at the nitrile carbon itself or at the β-carbon. The attack by the nucleophile at the nitrile carbon is called 1, 2- or direct addition because after protonation, the species get added to adjacent atoms. The attack at the β-carbon, on the other hand, is called 1, 4- or conjugate addition. After protonation, two species get added to the atoms separated by three bonds. Whether direct or conjugate addition takes place depends in large part on whether the nucleophile adds to the nitrile carbon reversibly or irreversibly. This, in turn, depends on the type of the nucleophile. Lithium dialkylcuprates, R2CuLi, can be simplified as the nucleophilic species R−.

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1,4-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene can undergo 1,2- or 1,4-addition with hydrogen halides. (a) 1,2-Addition i. Draw the carbocation intermediate(s) formed during the 1,2-addition of hydrobromic acid to 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. ii. What is the major 1,2-addition product formed during the reaction in (i)? (b) 1,4-Addition i. Draw the carbocation intermediate(s) formed during the 1,4-addition of hydrobromic acid to 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. ii. What is the major 1,4-addition product formed from the reaction in (i)? (c) What is the kinetic product from the reaction of one mole of hydrobromic acid with 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene? Explain your reasoning. (d) What is the thermodynamic product from the reaction of one mole of hydrobro-mic acid with 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene? Explain your reasoning. (e) What major product will result when 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene is treated with one mole of hydrobromic acid at - 78 deg * C ? Explain your reasoning.

Give the product of the bimolecular elimination from each of the isomeric halogenated compounds. Reaction A Reaction B. КОВ CH₂ HotBu +B+ ко HOIBU +Br+ Templates More QQQ Select Cv Templates More Cras QQQ One of these compounds undergoes elimination 50x faster than the other. Which one and why? Reaction A because the conformation needed for elimination places the phenyl groups and to each other Reaction A because the conformation needed for elimination places the phenyl groups gauche to each other. ◇ Reaction B because the conformation needed for elimination places the phenyl groups gach to each other. Reaction B because the conformation needed for elimination places the phenyl groups anti to each other.

Five isomeric alkenes. A through each undergo catalytic hydrogenation to give 2-methylpentane The IR spectra of these five alkenes have the key absorptions (in cm Compound Compound A –912. (§), 994 (5), 1643 (%), 3077 (1) Compound B 833 (3), 1667 (W), 3050 (weak shoulder on C-Habsorption) Compound C Compound D) –714 (5), 1665 (w), 3010 (m) 885 (3), 1650 (m), 3086 (m) 967 (5), no aharption 1600 to 1700, 3040 (m) Compound K Match each compound to the data presented. Compound A Compound B Compound C Compound D Compound

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 17, Problem 17.27P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophiles can attack an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl at two positions – at the nitrile carbon itself or at the β-carbon. The attack by the nucleophile at the nitrile carbon is called 1, 2- or direct addition because after protonation, the species get added to adjacent atoms. The attack at the β-carbon, on the other hand, is called 1, 4- or conjugate addition. After protonation, two species get added to the atoms separated by three bonds. Whether direct or conjugate addition takes place depends in large part on whether the nucleophile adds to the nitrile carbon reversibly or irreversibly. This, in turn, depends on the type of the nucleophile. Lithium dialkylcuprates, R2CuLi, can be simplified as the nucleophilic species R−.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 17, Problem 17.27P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The major product of the given reaction is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophiles can attack an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl at two positions – at the nitrile carbon itself or at the β-carbon. The attack by the nucleophile at the nitrile carbon is called 1, 2- or direct addition because after protonation, the species get added to adjacent atoms. The attack at the β-carbon, on the other hand, is called 1, 4- or conjugate addition. After protonation, two species get added to the atoms separated by three bonds. Whether direct or conjugate addition takes place depends in large part on whether the nucleophile adds to the nitrile carbon reversibly or irreversibly. This, in turn, depends on the type of the nucleophile. Lithium dialkylcuprates, R2CuLi, can be simplified as the nucleophilic species R−.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 17, Problem 17.27P

Interpretation Introduction