Chapter 17, Problem 17.23P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The complete detailed mechanism for the given $\text{1, 2}$ and $\text{1, 4}$ addition reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Addition of the nucleophile at the carbonyl carbon atom called $\text{1, 2}$ addition reaction or direct addition reaction and the addition of the nucleophile at the $\text{β}$ carbon atom with respect to carbonyl carbon called $\text{1, 4}$ addition reaction or conjugate addition reaction. The addition reaction occurs via the nucleophilic addition elementary step. The negative charge oxygen atom is protonated to form an uncharged alcohol product. In $\text{1, 4}$ addition, the enol tautomerizes to aldehyde or ketone.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The complete detailed mechanism for the given $\text{1, 2}$ and $\text{1, 4}$ addition reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Addition of the nucleophile at the carbonyl carbon atom called $\text{1, 2}$ addition reaction or direct addition reaction and the addition of the nucleophile at the $\text{β}$ carbon atom with respect to carbonyl carbon called $\text{1, 4}$ addition reaction or conjugate addition reaction. The addition reaction occurs via the nucleophilic addition elementary step. The negative charge oxygen atom is protonated to form an uncharged alcohol product. In $\text{1, 4}$ addition, the enol tautomerizes to aldehyde or ketone.