(a) The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted. Concept introduction: Sodium hydride, NaH , is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride ( NaH ) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

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Help! Please explain in detail. Thank you! Avobenzone is an active component in many sunscreens. It can exist in an equilibrium between its keto and enol forms. The enol from of avobenzone is given below. (A) Draw the keto form of this compound (B) Which tautomer (keto or enol) exists in a higher equilibrium percentage? Explain your reasoning.

Bonus Question: If you deemed the previous reaction to be unsuccessfull, propose a reaction or synthesis that would successfully produce the desired ether product (shown again to the side). You may use any reaction you know of.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 17.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 17.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 17.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.1P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.2P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.3P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.4P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.5P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.6P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.7P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.8P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.9P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that Sodium hydride is a strong base and poor nucleophile. It deprotonates the alpha-hydrogen atom in aldehydes and ketones.

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