(a) The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted. Concept introduction: Sodium hydride, NaH , is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride ( NaH ) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 17.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 17.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 17.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The major organic product of the given reaction sequence is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Sodium hydride, NaH, is the chemical compound used as a reducing agent. Sodium hydride (NaH) is a strong base but a poor nucleophile. Being a strong base, it will abstract an acidic hydrogen atom (alpha hydrogen atom) in carbonyl compounds. This leads to the formation of an enolate ion, which can act as a good nucleophile. Thus, sodium hydride helps to create carbon nucleophiles from the corresponding carbonyl compounds.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.1P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.2P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.3P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.4P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.5P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.6P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.7P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.8P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.9P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that Sodium hydride is a strong base and poor nucleophile. It deprotonates the alpha-hydrogen atom in aldehydes and ketones.

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