Concept explainers
Crystals of AgBr can be removed from black-and-white photographic film by reacting the AgBr with sodium thiosulfate.
- a What is the equilibrium constant for this dissolving process?
- b In order to dissolve 2.5 g of AgBr in 1.0 L of solution, how many moles of Na2S2O3 must be added?
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Chapter 17 Solutions
OWLv2 for Ebbing/Gammon's General Chemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months)
- Write an equation for each of the following buffering actions. a. the response of a HPO42/PO43 buffer to the addition of OH ions b. the response of a HF/F buffer to the addition of OH ions c. the response of a HCN/CN buffer to the addition of H3O+ ions d. the response of a H3PO4/H2PO4 buffer to the addition of H3O+ ionsarrow_forwardThe simplest amino acid is glycine, H2NCH2CO2H. The common feature of amino acids is that they contain the functional groups: an amine group, -NH2, and a carboxylic acid group, -CO2H. An amino acid can function as either an acid or a base. For glycine, the acid strength of the carboxyl group is about the same as that of acetic acid. CH3CO2H, and the base strength of the amino group is slightly greater than that of ammonia, NH3. (a) Write the Lewis structures of the ions that form when glycine is dissolved in 1 M HCl and in 1 M KOH. (b) Write the Lewis structure of glycine when this amino acid is dissolved in water. (Hint: Consider the relative base strengths of the -NH2 and -CO2- groups.)arrow_forwardWhat is the pH of a solution that consists of 0.20 M ammonia, NH3, and 0.20 M ammonium chloride, NH4Cl?arrow_forward
- Identify the buffer system(s)the conjugate acidbase pair(s)present in a solution that contains equal molar amounts of the following: a. HF, KC2H3O2, NaC2H3O2, and NaF b. HNO3, NaOH, H3PO4, and NaH2PO4arrow_forwardWrite the chemical equation and the expression for the equilibrium constant, and calculate Kb for the reaction of each of the following ions as a base. (a) sulfate ion (b) citrate ionarrow_forwardAn important component of blood is the buffer combination of bicarbonate ion and carbonic acid. Consider blood with a pH of 7.42. a What is the ratio of [H2CO3] to [HCO3]? b What does the pH become if 15% of the bicarbonate ions are converted to carbonic acid? c What does the pH become if 25% of the carbonic acid molecules are converted to bicarbonate ions?arrow_forward
- Malic acid is a weak diprotic organic acid with Ka1 = 4.0 104 and Ka2 = 9.0 105. a Letting the symbol H2A represent malic acid, write the chemical equations that represent Ka1 and Ka2. Write the chemical equation that represents Ka1 Ka2. b Qualitatively describe the relative concentrations of H2A, HA, A2, and H3O+ in a solution that is about one molar in malic acid. c Calculate the pH of a 0.0175 M malic acid solution and the equilibrium concentration of [H2A]. d What is the A2 concentrationin in solutions b and c?arrow_forwardThe pigment cyanidin aglycone is one of the anthocyanin molecules that gives red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) its characteristic red coloration. Many chemistry students have used this red cabbage indicator to study acid-base chemistry. Estimate tire pH range at which cyanidin agly-cone shows a color change. Anth-H(aq) Anth(aq) + H+ (aq) Ka = 1.3 107arrow_forwardA chemist wanted to determine the concentration of a solution of lactic acid, HC3H5O3. She found that the pH of the solution was 2.60. What was the concentration of the solution? The Kd of lactic acid is 1.4 104.arrow_forward
- What change will be caused by addition of a small amount of Ba(OH) 2 to a solution containing CN- and HCN? The concentration of CN- ion will increase as will the concentration of hydronium ions. The concentration of CN- ion will decrease and the concentration of HCN will increase. The concentration of hydronium ions will increase significantly. The concentration of HCN will decrease and the concentration of CN- ions will increase. The CN- ions will precipitate out of solution as its acid salt.arrow_forwardWe have seen an introductory definition of an acid: An acid is a compound that reacts with water and increases the amount of hydronium ion present. In the chapter on acids and bases, we saw two more definitions of acids: acompound that donates a proton (a hydrogen ion, H+) to another compound is called a Brønsted-Lowry acid, and a Lewis acid is any species that can accept a pair of electrons. Explain why the introductory definition is amacroscopic definition, while the Brønsted-Lowry definition and the Lewis definition are microscopic definitions.arrow_forward16arrow_forward
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