Chapter 16.1, Problem 3LC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the factors that affect the dissolution of a substance.

Concept introduction: A solution is a homogeneous mixture of substances where the amount of substances varies according to the solubility limit.

Answer to Problem 3LC

The factors that affect the rate of solubility are particle size of the solute, agitation, and temperature.

Explanation of Solution

A solution consists of a mixture of two or more substances that is homogeneous. A solution mainly consists of two substances such as:

• Solute: This substance is in small quantity as compared to solvent and it dissolves in a solvent to make a homogeneous solution.
• Solvent: The solvent is in large quantity as compared to the solute and the solute dissolves in a solvent to make a homogeneous solution.

The factors that affect the rate of solubility are as follows:

1. The particle size of solute: Dissolution is a surface phenomenon that means the greater the surface area of solute particles, the more easily and fast the solute will dissolve. For example: if the particle of the solute is granulated then, the rate of dissolution will be more.
2. Agitation: If the solution is stirred after the addition of solute then, the rate of dissolution increases. This is because in the process, solvent comes in contact with the surface of the solute and when the solution is stirred then, more and more fresh solvents will come in contact with the surface of the solute, and hence, the rate increases.
3. Temperature: The kinetic energy of a particle is greater at high temperatures than at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the movement of particles increases due to which the interaction between the solute and solvent increases. This leads to an increase in the rate of dissolution. For example: To dissolve sugar in cold water is more difficult than in hot water.

Conclusion

The factors that affect the rate of solubility are particle size of the solute, agitation, and temperature.