Case Summary:
An autonomic response in an extremely angry condition and finished eating and relaxing condition.
Adequate Information:
The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) controls the unconscious movement of the body. It has two important divisions’ sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. They are present on the preganglionic neuron of the CNS and autonomic ganglia of the PNS. The sympathetic axons travel through the sympathetic chain ganglia to their target cell. The parasympathetic axons travel from cranial and sacral nerves to the target cells.
To determine:
The name of the response controlled by ANS
- In an extremely angry person.
- In a person who is relaxing after finishing his meals.
Given Information:
The autonomic nervous system activates the sympathetic response when the person is extremely angry, which innervates adrenal glands. It activates the parasympathetic response when the person is resting after finishing his meal, which innervates the digestive tract.
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ANAT.+PHYSIO.1-LAB.MAN. >CUSTOM<
- Describe the effect of parasympathetic innervation on each visceral organ innervated by the division of the ANS, especially the heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, adrenal medulla, and external genitalia.arrow_forwardGive two exceptions to the generalization that organs areinnervated by both divisions of the ANS.arrow_forwardIn terms of neurotransmitters and receptors, explain why the two divisions of the ANS can have contrasting effects on the same organs?arrow_forward
- The ANS is subdivided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Review the differences between these two divisions by filling in the table below: Characteristic Sympathetic or Parasympathetic? Calms you down — "rest and digest" ["", ""] Pumps you up — "fight or flight" ["", ""] Preganglionic neuron long, postganglionic neuron short ["", ""] Preganglionic neuron short, postganglionic neuron long ["", ""] Arises from cranial or sacral spinal nerves ["", ""] Arises from spinal nerves T1-L2 ["", ""] Synapses near the spinal cord ["", ""] Synapses near the target organ ["", ""] Increases heart and respiratory rate ["", ""] Stimulates…arrow_forwardThere are 2 neurons in the ANS pathway – a preganglionic neuron and a postganglionic neuron. Describe each neuron (short or long) and what neurotransmitter is released from each neuron. Describe the neurons for each division of the ANS: (short description, NOT essay )arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the best way to describe how the ANS is controlled? (a) completely under control of voluntary cerebral cortex, (b) entirely controls itself, (c) completely under control of brain stem, (d) little control by cerebrum, major control by hypothalamus and amygdaloid body, and major control by spinal and peripheral reflexes.arrow_forward
- List the divisions of the ANS.arrow_forwardA) Explain what dual innervation means with regard to the autonomic nervous system. B) Using the cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems as examples, explain how dual innervation regulates the function of each system.arrow_forwardIndicate the results of sympathetic activation of the following structures: sweat glands, eye pupils, adrenal medullae, heart, bronchioles of the lungs, liver, blood vessels of vigorously working skeletal muscles, blood vessels of digestive viscera, salivary glands.arrow_forward
- Which of the following describes the disinhibition in the direct pathway of the basal ganglia? Question 6 options: A) Subthalamic nucleus inhibits internal segment of the globus pallidus which disinhibits substantia nigra B) Substantia nigra inhibits striatum which disinhibits the subthalamic nucleus C) Striatum inhibits internal segment of the globus pallidus which disinhibits thalamus D) Striatum inhibits external segment of the globus pallidus which disinhibits thalamusarrow_forwardCompare the general effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS on mental alertness, metabolic rate, digestive/urinary function, use of energy reserves, respiratory rate, heart rate/blood pressure, and sweat gland activity.arrow_forwardChoose the correct division of the ANS that generates the following results: S = sympathetic; P = parasympathetic. 11. sweaty palms 12. blushing 13. urination 14. stomach churning 15. salivary gland secretion 16. constriction of pupils 17. increased blood pressure 18. increased respiration 19. decreased heart rate 20. digestive enzyme secretionsarrow_forward
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