Concepts of Biology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168116
Author: Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 16, Problem 30CTQ
What is the role of minerals in maintaining good health?
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19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
labels are not used.
MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 16 Solutions
Concepts of Biology
Ch. 16 - Figure 16.2 When bacteria are destroyed by...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.7 Which of the following statements...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.9 Which of the following statements...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.10 Which of the following statements...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.14 Goiter, a disease caused by iodine...Ch. 16 - When faced with a sudden drop in environmental...Ch. 16 - How are wastes carried to the kidney for removal?...Ch. 16 - What is the cause of a fever of 38.3C(101F) ? a....Ch. 16 - Where does the majority of fat digestion take...Ch. 16 - The bile from the liver is delivered to the...
Ch. 16 - Which of the following statements is not true? a....Ch. 16 - The respiratory system_______. a. provides body...Ch. 16 - Which is the order of airflow during inhalation?...Ch. 16 - Where does the right ventricle send blood? a. the...Ch. 16 - During the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle,...Ch. 16 - How do arteries differ from veins? a. Arteries...Ch. 16 - Most of the hormones produced by the anterior...Ch. 16 - What is the function of the hormone...Ch. 16 - Which endocrine glands are associated with the...Ch. 16 - Among other bones, the axial skeleton includes...Ch. 16 - The pectoral girdle supports the_______. a. arms...Ch. 16 - Which component is responsible for initially...Ch. 16 - What kind of muscle tissue is found surrounding...Ch. 16 - Neurons contain ________, which can receive...Ch. 16 - The part of the brain that is responsible for...Ch. 16 - Which part of the nervous system directly controls...Ch. 16 - Describe how the body’s mechanisms maintain...Ch. 16 - Why is excretion important in order to achieve...Ch. 16 - What is the role of the accessory organs in...Ch. 16 - What is the role of minerals in maintaining good...Ch. 16 - Discuss why obesity is a growing epidemic.Ch. 16 - Describe the function of these terms and describe...Ch. 16 - How does the structure of alveoli maximize gas...Ch. 16 - Describe the cardiac cycle.Ch. 16 - What is a similarity and a difference between an...Ch. 16 - Describe how hormone receptors can play a role in...Ch. 16 - Many hormone systems regulate body functions...Ch. 16 - What movements occur at the hip joint and knees as...Ch. 16 - How are neurons similar to other cells? How are...Ch. 16 - What are the main functions of the spinal cord?Ch. 16 - What are the main differences between the...Ch. 16 - What are the main functions of the sensory-somatic...
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- There is currently a H5N1 cattle outbreak in North America. According to the CDC on Feb 26*: "A multistate outbreak of HPAI A(H5N1) bird flu in dairy cows was first reported on March 25, 2024. This is the first time that these bird flu viruses had been found in cows. In the United States, since 2022, USDA has reported HPAI A(H5N1) virus detections in more than 200 mammals." List and describe two mechanisms that could lead to this H5N1 influenza strain evolving to spread in human: Mechanisms 1: Mechanisms 2: For the mutations to results in a human epidered they would need to change how the virus interacts with the human host. In the case of mutations that may promote an epidemic, provide an example for: a protein that might incur a mutation: how the mutation would change interactions with cells in the respiratory tract (name the receptor on human cells) List two phenotypic consequence from this mutation that would increase human riskarrow_forwardYou have a bacterial strain with the CMU operon: a) As shown in the image below, the cmu operon encodes a peptide (Pep1), as well as a kinase and regulator corresponding to a two-component system. The cmu operon is activated when Pep 1 is added to the growth media. Pep1 is a peptide that when added extracellularly leads to activation of the Cmu operon. Pep1 cmu-kinase cmu-regulator You also have these genetic components in other strains: b) An alternative sigma factor, with a promoter activated by the cmu-regulator, that control a series of multiple operons that together encode a transformasome (cellular machinery for transformation). c) the gene cl (a repressor). d) the promoter X, which includes a cl binding site (and in the absence of cl is active). e) the gene gp (encoding a green fluorescence protein). Using the cmu operon as a starting point, and assuming you can perform cloning to rearrange any of these genomic features, how would you use one or more of these to modify the…arrow_forwardYou have identified a new species of a Gram-positive bacteria. You would like to screen their genome for all proteins that are covalently linked to the cell wall. You have annotated the genome, so that you identified all the promoters, operons, and genes sequences within the operons. Using these features, what would you screen for to identify a set of candidates for proteins covalently linked to the bacterial cell wall.arrow_forward
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