(a)
Interpretation:
The item between pure silicon and the piece of silicon having the same mass but contaminated with a trace amount of elements such as
Concept Introduction:
The term entropy is used to represent the randomness in a system. When a system moves from an ordered arrangement to a less order arrangement, then the entropy of the system increases. The second law of
(b)
Interpretation:
The item between the sample of ice cube at
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
The item between item
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
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Chemistry: The Molecular Science
- Which contains greater entropy, a quantity of frozen benzene or the same quantity of liquid benzene at the same temperature? Explain in terms of the dispersal of energy in the substance.arrow_forwardPick the example with the highest entropy from each of the following sets. Explain your answers. a.Solid ice, liquid water, or steam b.Leaves on a tree, fallen leaves blown about on the ground, fallen leaves raked and placed in a basket c.A stack of sheets of paper, a wastebasket containing sheets of paper, a wastebasket containing torn and crumpled sheets of paper d.A 0.10M sugar solution, a 1.0M sugar solution, a 10.0M sugar solution e.A banquet table set for dinner, a banquet table during dinner, a banquet table immediately after dinnerarrow_forwardFor each pair of items, tell which has the higher entropy and explain why. (a) Item 1, a sample of solid CO2 at -78°C, or item 2, CO2 vapor at 0°C (b) Item I, solid sugar, or item 2, the same sugar dissolved in a cup of tea (c) Item 1, a 100-mL sample of pure water and a 100-mL sample of pure alcohol, or item 2, the same samples of water and alcohol after they have been poured together and stirredarrow_forward
- What is entropy? Why is entropy important?arrow_forwardDecide whether the following processes will be spontaneous, and why. The why can be general, not specific. a Ice melting at 5C b Ice melting at +5C c KBr(s) dissolving in water d An unplugged refrigerator getting cold e A leaf falling from a tree to the ground f The reaction Li(s)+12F2(g)LiF(s) g The reaction H2O(l)H2(g)+12O2(g)arrow_forwardConsider the reaction of 2 mol H2(g) at 25C and 1 atm with 1 mol O2(g) at the same temperature and pressure to produce liquid water at these conditions. If this reaction is run in a controlled way to generate work, what is the maximum useful work that can be obtained? How much entropy is produced in this case?arrow_forward
- Consider the reaction of 1 mol H2(g) at 25C and 1 atm with 1 mol Br2(l) at the same temperature and pressure to produce gaseous HBr at these conditions. If this reaction is run in a controlled way to generate work, what is the maximum useful work that can be obtained? How much entropy is produced in this case?arrow_forwardConsider the decomposition of red mercury(II) oxide under standard state conditions.. 2HgO(s,red)2Hg(l)+O2(g) (a) Is the decomposition spontaneous under standard state conditions? (b) Above what temperature does the reaction become spontaneous?arrow_forwardFor the reaction NO(g)+NO2(g)N2O3(g) , use tabulated thermodynamic data to calculate H and S. Then use those values to answer the following questions. (a) Is this reaction spontaneous at 25°C? Explain your answer. (b) If the reaction is not spontaneous at 25°C, will it become spontaneous at higher temperatures or lower temperatures? (c) To show that your prediction is accurate, choose a temperature that corresponds to your prediction in part (b) and calculate G . (Assume that both enthalpy and entropy are independent of temperature.)arrow_forward
- On the basis of your experience, predict which reactions are spontaneous: (a) PbO2(s)Pb(s)+O2(g)(b) N2(l)N2(g) at 25C (c) C6H12O6(s)C6H12O6(l) at 25C (d) Ca2+(aq)+CO32(aq)CaCO3(s)arrow_forwardCalculate H and G for the following reactions at 25C, using thermodynamic data from Appendix C; interpret the signs of H and G. a 2PbO(s)+N2(g)2Pb(s)+2NO(g)\ b CS2(l)+2H2O(l)CO2(g)+2H2S(g)arrow_forwardSuppose you have four identical molecules labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4. Draw 16 simple two-flask diagrams as in thefigure for Question 17, and draw all possible arrangements of the four molecules in the two flasks. How manyof these arrangements have two molecules in each flask?How many have no molecules in one flask? From theseresults, what is the most probable arrangement of molecules? Which arrangement has the highest entropy?arrow_forward
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