Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 1AYKB
Summary Introduction
Case summary:
Mr. Montez has type I diabetes mellitus. He is experiencing dizziness, rapid breathing, confusion, and weakness. The patient forgot to inject insulin in the morning.
Characters in the case:
Mr. Montez, who has type I diabetes mellitus.
Adequate information:
The patient is experiencing dizziness, rapid breathing, confusion, and weakness. The patient forgot to take insulin in the morning.
To determine:
The pH (potential of hydrogen) of Mr. Montez’s blood. The hydrogen ion concentration in the blood and its effect on the buffers system of the human.
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1.Explain how type B intercalated cells increase the acidity of the blood (figure above).
2. How does the HCO3-/CI-antiport affect the amount of H+ available for reabsorption?
3) Why hyperkalemia often accompanies metabolic acidosis?
what is the answer
Hypovolemia and circulatory failure in DKA and HHNKS can be attributed to which factors?
Question 75 options:
Hyperinsulinemia and renal impairment
Hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis
Infection and counterregulatory hormones
Metabolic acidosis and CNS depression
Chapter 16 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 16.1 - How do the endocrine and nervous systems differ in...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 16.1 - Prob. 3QCCh. 16.1 - What are the two major classes of hormones, and...Ch. 16.1 - 5. How do synergistic and antagonistic hormones...Ch. 16.1 - 7. What are the three types of stimuli that...Ch. 16.1 - How is hormone secretion generally regulated?Ch. 16.2 - 1. How do the anterior pituitary and posterior...Ch. 16.2 - What is the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal...Ch. 16.2 - 3. What are the target tissues and effects of...
Ch. 16.2 - What are the target tissues and effects of...Ch. 16.2 - Which gland produces ADH and oxytocin, and from...Ch. 16.2 - How does the hypothalamus control the secretion of...Ch. 16.2 - 7. What are the tropic hormones of the anterior...Ch. 16.2 - Describe the target tissues and effects of growth...Ch. 16.3 - 1. What are thyroid follicles and how are they...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 2QCCh. 16.3 - What are the main functions of thyroid hormones?Ch. 16.3 - 4. How are thyroid hormones produced? How is this...Ch. 16.3 - 5. What homeostatic imbalances may accompany...Ch. 16.3 - What are the target tissues and effects of...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 7QCCh. 16.4 - 1. What are the three zones of the adrenal...Ch. 16.4 - 2. What are the target tissues and effects of...Ch. 16.4 - 3. What are the target tissues and effects of...Ch. 16.4 - What two hormones are produced by the adrenal...Ch. 16.4 - What is the relationship between the adrenal...Ch. 16.5 - What are the main target tissues of glucagon? What...Ch. 16.5 - What are the main target tissues of insulin?Ch. 16.5 - What are the signs and symptoms of the two types...Ch. 16.5 - 4. How do glucagon and insulin work together to...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 1QCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 2QCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 3QCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 4QCCh. 16.7 - Which hormones primarily control fluid...Ch. 16.7 - 2. What is the role of each of these hormones...Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 3QCCh. 16.7 - Prob. 4QCCh. 16.7 - Prob. 5QCCh. 16.7 - 6. What is the role of each hormone in the stress...Ch. 16 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 16 - Which of the following is not a potential effect...Ch. 16 - 3. Which of the following hormones is/are produced...Ch. 16 - How does ADH affect the amount of water in the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 16 - 6. List the target tissues and effects of the...Ch. 16 -
7. The thyroid gland consists of:
a. follicle...Ch. 16 - 8. Which of the following is not an effect of...Ch. 16 - 9. Mark the following statements as true or false....Ch. 16 - 10 Fill in the blanks: A rise in free and would...Ch. 16 - 11. Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 16 -
12. Fill in the blanks: The outer part of the...Ch. 16 - Which of the following is not an effect of...Ch. 16 - 14. Cortisol is:
a. a potent inhibitor of the...Ch. 16 - 15. Describe the components of the...Ch. 16 - 17. Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 16 - Explain how insulin and glucagon are antagonists.Ch. 16 - Prob. 18CYRCh. 16 - Prob. 19CYRCh. 16 - Match the following hormones with their correct...Ch. 16 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 16 - Predict the effects of a pancreatic tumor that...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 16 - 3. A patient has a brain tumor that necessitates...Ch. 16 - 1. Ms. Reczkiewicz has her thyroid gland removed...Ch. 16 - A new diet guru claims hypersecretion of cortisol...Ch. 16 - Lets say that the dietary supplement in question 2...Ch. 16 -
4. Mr. Montez is a patient with type I diabetes...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1AYKBCh. 16 - You have read that aldosterone causes sodium ion...
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- Mr. Jones has COPD, an obstructive respiratory disorder. An arterial blood gas (ABG) sample was taken and she had an elevated arterial PCO2. Answer the following questions: What happens to H+ concentrations? What happens to pH? What type of acid-base imbalance is created? (Hint: Select one of these choices: metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, or respiratory alkalosis) What type of compensation occurs? What does the body do during this type of compensation?arrow_forwardthe major difference between plasma and interstitial fluid is the absence of plasma proteins from the interstitial. explain how this affects solute distrbution and what kind of correction you would do it if you were measuring solute concentrationarrow_forwardWhich of the following is correct about chloride reabsorption from the loop of Henle? Group of answer choices A. Cl– is reabsorbed to the blood through the channels in the basolateral cell membrane of the thick segment of loop of Henle B. Cl– is reabsorbed through Na–K–2Cl cotransporter in the basolateral membrane of the thick segment of loop of Henle C. Cl– is reabsorbed through chloride/bicarbonate cotransporters D. Some Chloride is allowed through the Para cellular gaps E. Both A and B are correctarrow_forward
- Metabolic alkalosis refers to a process whereupon decreased hydrogen ion, or increased bicarbonate, concentrations occur in the body, and the blood pH becomes too basic. Answer the following questions: How does the body regain its acid-base equilibria/balance? What happens when that balance does not happen? Will a buffer system still work under these conditions?arrow_forwardAll the following are expected to cause water-retention induced hyponatremia EXCEPT: O a. Renal failure. O b. Congestive cardiac failure (CCF). Oc. Cushing's syndrome. O d. SIADarrow_forwardLabel the steps involved in vasopressin activation of water reabsorption.Part ADrag the labels onto the diagram to identify specific steps in vasopressin activation of water reabsorption across the collecting duct epithelium.arrow_forward
- A 19 year old college student has been vomiting all night and has a tingling sensation in her face. Her ABG results are as follows: pH - 7.49 pCO2-46.5 HCO3 - 27.5 1. Is she in acidosis or alkalosis? 2. Is the cause respiratory or metabolic? 3. Is this uncompensated, partially compensated or fully compensated?arrow_forwardMetabolic acidosis is often treated by administering hydrogen carbonate intravenously. Explain how this treatment can increase blood plasma pH.arrow_forwardA urinalysis reveals that the patients urine contains glucose, hemoglobin, and white blood cells (pus). Are any of these substances abnormal in urine? Explain.arrow_forward
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is produced by endothelial cells throughout the body, but the majority is produced in the lungs. Some pulmonary disorders actually lead to an increase in ACE production. Consider what the consequences of this might be both directly on sodium balance, and indirectly on water balance. Select all that apply. Positive sodium balance O Negative sodium balance U Increased blood volume Decreased blood volume Increased MAP O Decreased MAP O Increased GFR Decreased GFR O Increased vasopressin release O Decreased vasopressin releasearrow_forwardWhat effect would an ACE inhibitor have on renin secretion and angiotensin II production? What effect would an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) have on renin secretion and angiotensin II production?arrow_forwardselect item number from (A) to match (B A A 1 GFR marker Metabolic acidosis 2 Carbonic anhydrase Protein buffer Bicarbonate buffer Metabolic alkalosis Salicylic acid Extracellular fluid buffer 6 Intracellular fluid buffer Proximal tubule 7 Bicarbonate reabsorption Red blood cells 8 Vomiting lohexol 3. 4.arrow_forward
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