Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 3AYKA
Let’s say that the dietary supplement in question 2 actually works and successfully blocks cortisol secretion. Could this drug potentially be harmful? Predict its effects on overall homeostasis.
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Question 1: What will happen to CRH secretion in a patient given very high doses of a synthetic glucocorticoid (prednisone) that is 5-times more potent that cortisol? Why?
Question 2: What will happen to plasma cortisol concentration and the size of the adrenal glands in a patient given very high doses of a synthetic glucocorticoid (prednisone) that is 5-times more potent that cortisol? Why?
Question 3: If a patient has been taking high doses of prednisone for a year, can the prednisone be abruptly stopped?
Many functions in the body are controlled by hormones – chemical signals that are secreted by one organ or tissue, but have effects in multiple areas.
Calcium can enter the body from what we eat and drink. It circulates through blood and is used by many organs, so it’s level is carefully regulated. The amount of calcium in the blood is maintained at a relatively constant level by two hormones; for our purposes, we’ll just call them hormone A and hormone B. Hormone A is secreted by the parathyroid gland and it functions to increase blood calcium levels. Hormone B is secreted by parafollicular cells (C cells) in the thyroid gland and it functions to decrease blood calcium levels.
Calvin, a teenage boy, begins eating ChocoRite™ Calcium Bites, a very tasty calcium supplement. He likes them so much that he ends up eating a whole package one afternoon.
1.Where does hormone B come from?
A)From the calcium regulatory cells
B)From the parathyroid gland
C)From calcium supplements,…
Chapter 16 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 16.1 - How do the endocrine and nervous systems differ in...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 16.1 - Prob. 3QCCh. 16.1 - What are the two major classes of hormones, and...Ch. 16.1 - 5. How do synergistic and antagonistic hormones...Ch. 16.1 - 7. What are the three types of stimuli that...Ch. 16.1 - How is hormone secretion generally regulated?Ch. 16.2 - 1. How do the anterior pituitary and posterior...Ch. 16.2 - What is the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal...Ch. 16.2 - 3. What are the target tissues and effects of...
Ch. 16.2 - What are the target tissues and effects of...Ch. 16.2 - Which gland produces ADH and oxytocin, and from...Ch. 16.2 - How does the hypothalamus control the secretion of...Ch. 16.2 - 7. What are the tropic hormones of the anterior...Ch. 16.2 - Describe the target tissues and effects of growth...Ch. 16.3 - 1. What are thyroid follicles and how are they...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 2QCCh. 16.3 - What are the main functions of thyroid hormones?Ch. 16.3 - 4. How are thyroid hormones produced? How is this...Ch. 16.3 - 5. What homeostatic imbalances may accompany...Ch. 16.3 - What are the target tissues and effects of...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 7QCCh. 16.4 - 1. What are the three zones of the adrenal...Ch. 16.4 - 2. What are the target tissues and effects of...Ch. 16.4 - 3. What are the target tissues and effects of...Ch. 16.4 - What two hormones are produced by the adrenal...Ch. 16.4 - What is the relationship between the adrenal...Ch. 16.5 - What are the main target tissues of glucagon? What...Ch. 16.5 - What are the main target tissues of insulin?Ch. 16.5 - What are the signs and symptoms of the two types...Ch. 16.5 - 4. How do glucagon and insulin work together to...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 1QCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 2QCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 3QCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 4QCCh. 16.7 - Which hormones primarily control fluid...Ch. 16.7 - 2. What is the role of each of these hormones...Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 3QCCh. 16.7 - Prob. 4QCCh. 16.7 - Prob. 5QCCh. 16.7 - 6. What is the role of each hormone in the stress...Ch. 16 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 16 - Which of the following is not a potential effect...Ch. 16 - 3. Which of the following hormones is/are produced...Ch. 16 - How does ADH affect the amount of water in the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 16 - 6. List the target tissues and effects of the...Ch. 16 -
7. The thyroid gland consists of:
a. follicle...Ch. 16 - 8. Which of the following is not an effect of...Ch. 16 - 9. Mark the following statements as true or false....Ch. 16 - 10 Fill in the blanks: A rise in free and would...Ch. 16 - 11. Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 16 -
12. Fill in the blanks: The outer part of the...Ch. 16 - Which of the following is not an effect of...Ch. 16 - 14. Cortisol is:
a. a potent inhibitor of the...Ch. 16 - 15. Describe the components of the...Ch. 16 - 17. Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 16 - Explain how insulin and glucagon are antagonists.Ch. 16 - Prob. 18CYRCh. 16 - Prob. 19CYRCh. 16 - Match the following hormones with their correct...Ch. 16 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 16 - Predict the effects of a pancreatic tumor that...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 16 - 3. A patient has a brain tumor that necessitates...Ch. 16 - 1. Ms. Reczkiewicz has her thyroid gland removed...Ch. 16 - A new diet guru claims hypersecretion of cortisol...Ch. 16 - Lets say that the dietary supplement in question 2...Ch. 16 -
4. Mr. Montez is a patient with type I diabetes...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1AYKBCh. 16 - You have read that aldosterone causes sodium ion...
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- The dexamethasone test involves the administration of a synthetic glucocorticoid. Knowing about negative feedback mechanisms, how do you think this test helps determine the function of the pituitary? Since you couldn't answer one of my questions heres the last one. Describe how steroid hormones, for example cortisol, are metabolized in the body. What are the benefits of using a 24-hour urine test to measure this hormone?arrow_forwardCan you figure out which terms “belong” to the same concept? Check all that apply in the list below, and then choose the correct concept from the bottom menu. Is this part of the concept? Yes or No? insulin yes or no acetylcholine yes or no Arachidonic acid yes or no colloid yes or no dopamine yes or no Voltage-gated channel yes or no Contiguous conduction yes or no epinephrine yes or no serotonin yes or no glutamate yes or no Which concept do the "Y" (Yes) terms illustrate? neurotransmitters neurons or hormonesarrow_forwardThe data in the following graph were obtained by monitoring the blood levels of two homeostatic hormones in desert mice. Describe and explain your interpretation of the graph. 0.16 0.12 0.08 0.04 0.10 Plasma concentration of insulin (mmol/L) 0.01 0.05 0.15 B. One of the mice suffers trauma, which results in damage to the pituitary gland. Which homeostatic mechanism would most likely be affected? Plasma concentration of ADH (mmol/L)arrow_forward
- 1.) What is the functions of hormones 2.) What is stress response 3.) describing the role or hormones usch as thyroxine, ADH, PTH, calcitonin etc. 4.) applying knowledge of metabolic roles of hormones to new situations and predicting the effect on homeostasis 5.) positive and negative feedback looparrow_forwardExplain the basis of the fact that nervous control is rapid but of short-duration, whereas hormonal control takes time to start but the effects last a long time. How would body function change if the rate of hormone degradation increased? Decreased?arrow_forwardWhich of the following pairs correctly describes an example of antagonistic hormones that regulate homeostasis? Question 14 options: thyroxine and parathyroid hormones regulate calcium balance progestins and estrogens control sexual differentiation epinephrine and norepinephrine regulate the fight-or-flight responses insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levelsarrow_forward
- QUESTION 1 Which statement is accurate? Hormones that differ in effect reach their target cells by different routes through the body Pairs of hormones that have the same effect are said to have antagonistic functions Hormones are often regulated through feedback loops Hormones of the same chemical class usually have the same functionarrow_forwardPlease explain question 11 properly. How did you get the answer and why? What formula/law would I use and why?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements comparing the endocrine system and the nervous system is false? a. The endocrine system can reach almost all living cells. b. The endocrine system and the nervous system never interact with each other. c. Nervous system control is faster than endocrine control. d. Both systems can be considered as systems of communication.arrow_forward
- Weened goats (kids) were fed on a low energy diet consisting exclusively of hay for two years. The hay had a Calcium:phosphorus ratio of 1:10. After two years the kids had developed malformed legs and difficulty walking. Which of the following hormonal changes would you predict would result from this diet? Select one: a. Increase in parathyroid hormone and decrease in calcitonin b. Increase in thyroid hormone and decrease in parathyroid hormone c. Decrease in parathyroid hormone and increase in calcitonin d. Increase in thyroid hormone and decrease parathyroid hormonearrow_forwardChapter 9: The Endocrine System #19 Please answer the question in a simple and very comprehensive explanation of the given situation. Thank you!arrow_forwardThyroid cancer results when the cells in the thyroid gland divide uncontrollably. Individuals who have excessive exposure to radiation may have higher chance of getting thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer can be treated through surgery, iodine therapy, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. What is the purpose of prescribing thyroxine medication for patients following the surgical removal of the thyroid gland? Select one: a. to decrease TRH and increase TSH levels b. to increase TRH and TSH levels c. to decrease TRH and TSH levels d. to increase TRH and decrease TSH levelsarrow_forward
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