Chemistry: Atoms First
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780073511184
Author: Julia Burdge, Jason Overby Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 16, Problem 16.90QP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Salt hydrolysis has to be defined.
Salts has to be categorized as how they affect the pH of a solution
To Explain: Definition of salt hydrolysis and also the category of salts based on the pH of a solution
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The scale used for measuring the acidity or basicity of a solution is known as the pH scale. Typically you will see values ranging from 0 to 14, however it is possible to produce highly acidic solutions with a lower pH or a highly basic solution with a
higher pH. A neutral solution has an equivalent concentration of hydronium and hydroxide ions, which has a pH of 7 at 25 °C. A pH less than 7 indicates that a solution is an acid, and a pH greater than / Indicates that a solution is a base.
Click on the image below to explore this simulation, which demonstrates the pH scale. The pH of the solution is related to the H₂O¹ ion concentration by the equation
pH = -log H₂O¹]
When you click the simulation link, you may be asked whether to run, open, or save the file. Choose to run or open it
Part D
A
PHET=
In this simulation, allowing you to produce solutions at at 25°C, you should see three modes: Macro, Micro, and Custom. In Macro and Micro, you are provided with a calibrated beaker along…
CH3CH2COOH
Draw the Lewis structure of the acid and mark the acidic hydrogen with an asterisk (*).
Draw a Lewis structure of the conjugate base of the acid.
Suppose the acid is neutralized with a strong base.
a) Which of the two structures you drew in 6 and 7 would be the predominant form of the species at a pH well above that at the equivalence point?
b) Which of the two structures would be the predominant form of the species at a very low pH, well below that at the equivalence point and similar to the pH near the start of the titration?
c) At what point in the titration, if any, would there be equal amounts of the two forms?
The acidity of a solution is measured by its pH.
If Ht represents the concentration of hydrogen ions (in moles/liter) in the solution,
the pH is defined by pH
- log Ht|
Based on careful measurements and calculations, a chemist examines two solutions and asserts:
"The hydrogen ion concentration of Solution A
is 65.86% greater than the hydrogen ion concentration of Solution B."
If the pH of solution B is 10.00, determine the pH of Solution A.
Report your answer to two decimal places.
Solution A has pH equal to
Number
(Report to the nearest 0.01)
Chapter 16 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
Ch. 16.1 - What is (a) the conjugate base of HNO3, (b) the...Ch. 16.1 - What is (a) the conjugate acid of ClO4, (b) the...Ch. 16.1 - HSO3 is the conjugate acid of what species? HSO3...Ch. 16.1 - Which of the models represents a species that has...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 16.2WECh. 16.1 - Identify and label the species in each reaction....Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2PPBCh. 16.1 - Write the formula and charge for each species in...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 16.1.1SRCh. 16.1 - Prob. 16.1.2SR
Ch. 16.2 - Predict the relative strengths of the oxoacids in...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3PPACh. 16.2 - Based on the information in this section, which is...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3PPCCh. 16.2 - Prob. 16.2.1SRCh. 16.2 - Prob. 16.2.2SRCh. 16.2 - Prob. 16.2.3SRCh. 16.3 - Prob. 16.4WECh. 16.3 - The concentration of hydroxide ions in the antacid...Ch. 16.3 - The value of Kw at normal body temperature (37C)...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 4PPCCh. 16.3 - Prob. 16.3.1SRCh. 16.3 - Prob. 16.3.2SRCh. 16.4 - Determine the pOH of a solution at 25C in which...Ch. 16.4 - Determine the pOH of a solution at 25C in which...Ch. 16.4 - Determine the pOH of a solution at 25C in which...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 5PPCCh. 16.4 - Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in a...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 6PPACh. 16.4 - Prob. 6PPBCh. 16.4 - Prob. 6PPCCh. 16.4 - Prob. 16.4.1SRCh. 16.4 - Prob. 16.4.2SRCh. 16.4 - Prob. 16.4.3SRCh. 16.4 - Prob. 16.4.4SRCh. 16.5 - Calculate the pH of an aqueous solution at 25C...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 7PPACh. 16.5 - Prob. 7PPBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 7PPCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 16.8WECh. 16.5 - Calculate the concentration of HNO3 in a solution...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 8PPBCh. 16.5 - Which of the plots [(i)(iv)] best approximates the...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 16.9WECh. 16.5 - Prob. 9PPACh. 16.5 - Prob. 9PPBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 9PPCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 16.10WECh. 16.5 - Prob. 10PPACh. 16.5 - Prob. 10PPBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 10PPCCh. 16.5 - Prob. 16.5.1SRCh. 16.5 - Prob. 16.5.2SRCh. 16.5 - Prob. 16.5.3SRCh. 16.5 - Prob. 16.5.4SRCh. 16.5 - Prob. 16.5.5SRCh. 16.5 - Prob. 16.5.6SRCh. 16.5 - Prob. 16.5.7SRCh. 16.6 - The Ka of hypochlorous acid (HClO) is 3.5 108....Ch. 16.6 - Calculate the pH at 25C of a 0.18-M solution of a...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 11PPBCh. 16.6 - The diagrams show solutions of four different weak...Ch. 16.6 - Determine the pH and percent ionization for acetic...Ch. 16.6 - Determine the pH and percent ionization for...Ch. 16.6 - At what concentration does hydrocyanic acid...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 12PPCCh. 16.6 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylie acid, HC9H7O4) is a weak...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 13PPACh. 16.6 - Prob. 13PPBCh. 16.6 - Calculate Ka values (to two significant figures)...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 16.6.1SRCh. 16.6 - Prob. 16.6.2SRCh. 16.6 - Prob. 16.6.3SRCh. 16.7 - Prob. 16.14WECh. 16.7 - Calculate the pH at 25C of a 0.0028-M solution of...Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 14PPBCh. 16.7 - The diagrams represent solutions of three...Ch. 16.7 - Caffeine, the stimulant in coffee and tea, is a...Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 15PPACh. 16.7 - Prob. 15PPBCh. 16.7 - Prob. 15PPCCh. 16.7 - Prob. 16.7.1SRCh. 16.7 - Prob. 16.7.2SRCh. 16.7 - Prob. 16.7.3SRCh. 16.8 - Prob. 16.16WECh. 16.8 - Prob. 16PPACh. 16.8 - Prob. 16PPBCh. 16.8 - Prob. 16PPCCh. 16.8 - Prob. 16.8.1SRCh. 16.8 - Prob. 16.8.2SRCh. 16.8 - Prob. 16.8.3SRCh. 16.9 - Oxalic acid (H2C2O4) is a poisonous substance used...Ch. 16.9 - Calculate the concentrations of H2C2O4, HC2O4,...Ch. 16.9 - Calculate the concentrations of H2SO4, HSO4, SO42,...Ch. 16.9 - Prob. 17PPCCh. 16.9 - Prob. 16.9.1SRCh. 16.9 - Prob. 16.9.2SRCh. 16.9 - Prob. 16.9.3SRCh. 16.10 - Prob. 16.18WECh. 16.10 - Determine the pH of a 0.15-M solution of sodium...Ch. 16.10 - Prob. 18PPBCh. 16.10 - Winch of the graphs [(i)(iv)] best represents the...Ch. 16.10 - Calculate the pH of a 0.10-M solution of ammonium...Ch. 16.10 - Determine the pH of a 0.25-M solution of...Ch. 16.10 - Prob. 19PPBCh. 16.10 - Prob. 19PPCCh. 16.10 - Predict whether a 0.10-M solution of each of the...Ch. 16.10 - Predict whether a 0.10-M solution of each of the...Ch. 16.10 - Prob. 20PPBCh. 16.10 - Prob. 20PPCCh. 16.10 - Prob. 16.10.1SRCh. 16.10 - Prob. 16.10.2SRCh. 16.10 - Prob. 16.10.3SRCh. 16.10 - Prob. 16.10.4SRCh. 16.10 - Prob. 16.10.5SRCh. 16.12 - Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base in each of...Ch. 16.12 - Prob. 21PPACh. 16.12 - Prob. 21PPBCh. 16.12 - Which of the diagrams best depicts the combination...Ch. 16.12 - Prob. 16.12.1SRCh. 16.12 - Prob. 16.12.2SRCh. 16 - F or a species to act as a Brnsted base, an atom...Ch. 16 - Identify the acid-base conjugate pairs in each of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.3QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.4QPCh. 16 - Write the formulas of the conjugate bases of the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.6QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.7QPCh. 16 - List four factors that affect the strength of an...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.9QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.10QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.11QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.12QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.13QPCh. 16 - Write the equilibrium expression for the...Ch. 16 - Write an equation relating [H+] and [OH] in...Ch. 16 - Write an equation relating [H+] and [OH] in...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.17QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.18QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.19QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.20QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.21QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.22QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.23QPCh. 16 - Calculate the concentration of H+ ions in a 0.62 M...Ch. 16 - Calculate the concentration of OH ions in a 1.4 ...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH of each of the following...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH of each of the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.28QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.29QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.30QPCh. 16 - How much NaOH (in grams) is needed to prepare 546...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.32QPCh. 16 - Why are ionizations of strong acids and strong...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.34QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.35QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.36QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.37QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.38QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.39QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.40QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.41QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.42QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.43QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.1VCCh. 16 - Prob. 16.2VCCh. 16 - Prob. 16.3VCCh. 16 - Prob. 16.4VCCh. 16 - Prob. 16.44QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.45QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.46QPCh. 16 - Why do we normally not quote Ka values for strong...Ch. 16 - Why is it necessary to specify temperature when...Ch. 16 - Which of the following solutions has the highest...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.50QPCh. 16 - The Ka for benzoic acid is 6.5 105. Calculate the...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH of an aqueous solution at 25C...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH of an aqueous solution at 25C...Ch. 16 - Determine the percent ionization of the following...Ch. 16 - Determine the percent ionization of the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.56QPCh. 16 - A 0.015-M solution of a monoprotic acid is 0.92%...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.58QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.59QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.60QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.61QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.62QPCh. 16 - In biological and medical applications, it is...Ch. 16 - Classify each of the following species as a weak...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.65QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.66QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.67QPCh. 16 - Which of the following has a higher pH: (a) 1.0 M...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.69QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.70QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.71QPCh. 16 - What is the original molarity of an aqueous...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.73QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.74QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.75QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.76QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.77QPCh. 16 - Calculate Ka for each of the following ions: NH4+,...Ch. 16 - The following diagrams represent aqueous solutions...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.80QPCh. 16 - Write all the species (except water) that are...Ch. 16 - Write the Ka1 and Ka2 expressions for sulfurous...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.83QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.84QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.85QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.86QPCh. 16 - Calculate the pH at 25C of a 0.25-M aqueous...Ch. 16 - The first and second ionization constants of a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.89QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.90QPCh. 16 - Explain why small, highly charged metal ions are...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.92QPCh. 16 - Specify which of the following salts will undergo...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.94QPCh. 16 - Calculate the pH of a 0.42 M NH4Cl solution. (Kb...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH of a 0.082 M NaF solution. (Ka...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH of a 0.91 M C2H5NH3I solution....Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.98QPCh. 16 - Predict whether the following solutions are...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.100QPCh. 16 - In a certain experiment, a student finds that the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.102QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.103QPCh. 16 - Classify the following oxides as acidic, basic,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.105QPCh. 16 - Explain why metal oxides tend to be basic if the...Ch. 16 - Arrange the oxides in each of the following groups...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.108QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.109QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.110QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.111QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.112QPCh. 16 - In terms of orbitals and electron arrangements,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.114QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.115QPCh. 16 - Which would be considered a stronger Lewis acid:...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.117QPCh. 16 - Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in the...Ch. 16 - Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.120QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.121QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.122QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.123QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.124QPCh. 16 - Calculate the pH and percent ionization of a 0.88...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.126QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.127QPCh. 16 - The pH of a 0.0642-M solution of a monoprotic acid...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.129QPCh. 16 - HA and HB are both weak acids although HB is the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.131QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.132QPCh. 16 - Use the data in Table 16.5 to calculate the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.134QPCh. 16 - Most of the hydrides of Group 1A and Group 2 A...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.136QPCh. 16 - Novocaine, used as a local anesthetic by dentists,...Ch. 16 - Which of the following is the stronger base: NF3...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.139QPCh. 16 - The ion product of D20 is 1.35 1015 at 25C. (a)...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.141QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.142QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.143QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.144QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.145QPCh. 16 - When the concentration of a strong acid is not...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH of a 2.00 M NH4CN solution.Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.148QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.149QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.150QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.151QPCh. 16 - Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is a weak acid and a deadly...Ch. 16 - How many grams of NaCN would you need to dissolve...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.154QPCh. 16 - Calculate the pH of a 1-L solution containing...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.156QPCh. 16 - You are given two beakers, one containing an...Ch. 16 - Use Le Chteliers principle to predict the effect...Ch. 16 - A 0.400 M formic acid (HCOOH) solution freezes at...Ch. 16 - The disagreeable odor of fish is mainly due to...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.161QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.162QPCh. 16 - Both the amide ion (NH2) and the nitride ion (N3)...Ch. 16 - When carbon dioxide is bubbled through a clear...Ch. 16 - Explain the action of smelling salt, which is...Ch. 16 - About half of the hydrochloric acid produced...Ch. 16 - Which of the following does not represent a Lewis...Ch. 16 - Determine whether each of the following statements...Ch. 16 - How many milliliters of a strong monoprotic acid...Ch. 16 - Hemoglobin (Hb) is a blood protein that is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.171QPCh. 16 - Calculate the pH of a solution that is 1.00 M HCN...Ch. 16 - Tooth enamel is largely hydroxyapatite...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.174QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.175QPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.176QPCh. 16 - Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) accounts for as much as 80...Ch. 16 - A 1-87-g sample of Mg reacts with 80.0 mL of a HCl...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.22 M in...Ch. 16 - Determine pH at the equivalence point in the...Ch. 16 - Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.22 M in...Ch. 16 - Determine pH at the equivalence point in the...
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