Chapter 16, Problem 16.56E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the amine having molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{11}}\text{N}$ is saturated or not is to be identified. If it is unsaturated, then the number of $\text{C}=\text{C}$ bonds is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Amines are defined as those organic compounds which are derived from ammonia. They are formed by the substitution of hydrogen atom of ammonia through alkyl or aryl groups. In saturated amine, all the atoms of hydrogen and carbon are connected to each other by single bonds. In unsaturated amine, double or triple bonds are present in the compound.

Answer to Problem 16.56E

The amine with molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{11}}\text{N}$ is a saturated amine.

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of amine is ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{11}}\text{N}$. If it is saturated or unsaturated, it is predicted by its degree of unsaturation. The degree of unsaturation or double bond equivalent (DBE) is calculated by the formula stated below.

$\text{DBE}=\text{C}+1-\frac{\text{H}}{2}-\frac{\text{X}}{2}+\frac{\text{N}}{2}$ …(1)

Where,

• C is the number of carbon atoms.

• H is the number of hydrogen atoms.

• X is the number of halogen atoms.

• N is the number of nitrogen atoms.

The formula of amine ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{11}}\text{N}$ has $4$ carbon atoms, $11$ hydrogen atoms and $1$ nitrogen atom.

Substitute the values of C, H and N atoms in equation (1) to calculate the degree of unsaturation.

$\begin{array}{rll}\text{DBE}& =& 4+1-\frac{11}{2}-\frac{0}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\\ & =& 5-\left(\frac{11-1}{2}\right)\\ & =& 5-5\\ & =& 0\end{array}$

The degree of unsaturation is zero. Therefore, the amine ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{11}}\text{N}$ is a saturated amine.

Conclusion

The amine with molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{11}}\text{N}$ is a saturated amine.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the amine having molecular formula ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{N}}_2$ is saturated or not is to be identified. If it is unsaturated, then the number of $\text{C}=\text{C}$ bonds is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Amines are defined as those organic compounds which are derived from ammonia. They are formed by the substitution of hydrogen atom of ammonia through alkyl or aryl groups. In saturated amine, all the atoms of hydrogen and carbon are connected to each other by single bonds. In unsaturated amine, double or triple bonds are present in the compound.

Answer to Problem 16.56E

The amine with molecular formula ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{N}}_2$ is an unsaturated amine. It has one $\text{C}=\text{C}$ bond.

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of amine is ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{N}}_2$. If it is saturated or unsaturated, it is predicted by its degree of unsaturation. The degree of unsaturation or double bond equivalent (DBE) is calculated by the formula stated below.

$\text{DBE}=\text{C}+1-\frac{\text{H}}{2}-\frac{\text{X}}{2}+\frac{\text{N}}{2}$ …(1)

Where,

• C is the number of carbon atoms.

• H is the number of hydrogen atoms.

• X is the number of halogen atoms.

• N is the number of nitrogen atoms.

The formula of amine ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{N}}_2$ has $5$ carbon atoms, $12$ hydrogen atoms and $2$ nitrogen atoms.

Substitute the values of C, H and N atoms in equation (1) to calculate the degree of unsaturation.

$\begin{array}{rll}\text{DBE}& =& 5+1-\frac{12}{2}-\frac{0}{2}+\frac{2}{2}\\ & =& 6-6+1\\ & =& 1\end{array}$

The degree of unsaturation is one. Therefore, the amine with molecular formula ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{N}}_2$ is an unsaturated amine with one $\text{C}=\text{C}$ bond.

Conclusion

The amine with molecular formula ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_{\text{12}}{\text{N}}_2$ is an unsaturated amine containing one $\text{C}=\text{C}$ bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the amine having molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_7\text{N}$ is saturated or not is to be identified. If it is unsaturated, then the number of $\text{C}=\text{C}$ bonds is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Amines are defined as those organic compounds which are derived from ammonia. They are formed by the substitution of hydrogen atom of ammonia through alkyl or aryl groups. In saturated amine, all the atoms of hydrogen and carbon are connected to each other by single bonds. In unsaturated amine, double or triple bonds are present in the compound.

Answer to Problem 16.56E

The amine with molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_7\text{N}$ is an unsaturated amine. It has two $\text{C}=\text{C}$ bonds.

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of amine is ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_7\text{N}$. If it is saturated or unsaturated, it is predicted by its degree of unsaturation. The degree of unsaturation or double bond equivalent (DBE) is calculated by the formula stated below.

$\text{DBE}=\text{C}+1-\frac{\text{H}}{2}-\frac{\text{X}}{2}+\frac{\text{N}}{2}$ …(1)

Where,

• C is the number of carbon atoms.

• H is the number of hydrogen atoms.

• X is the number of halogen atoms.

• N is the number of nitrogen atoms.

The formula of amine ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_7\text{N}$ has $4$ carbon atoms, $7$ hydrogen atoms and $1$ nitrogen atom.

Substitute the values of C, H and N atoms in equation (1) to calculate the degree of unsaturation.

$\begin{array}{rll}\text{DBE}& =& 4+1-\frac{7}{2}-\frac{0}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\\ & =& 5-\left(\frac{7-1}{2}\right)\\ & =& 5-3\\ & =& 2\end{array}$

The degree of unsaturation is two. Therefore, the amine with molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_7\text{N}$ is an unsaturated amine with two $\text{C}=\text{C}$ bonds.

Conclusion

The amine with molecular formula ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_7\text{N}$ is an unsaturated amine containing two $\text{C}=\text{C}$ bonds.