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(a)
Interpretation:
The complete equation for the reaction between an amine and hydrochloric acid is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
In secondary amines, two of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl group.
In tertiary amines, all hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl group.
Answer to Problem 16.26E
The complete reaction between an amine and hydrochloric acid is given below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction between an amine and hydrochloric acid gives salt of amine. This happens by the abstraction of proton by lone pair of electrons of nitrogen in amine from the hydrochloric acid. The intermediate then rearranges to give salt of amine.
The complete reaction between an amine and hydrochloric acid is given in Figure 1.
Figure 1
The complete reaction between an amine and hydrochloric acid is shown in Figure 1.
(b)
Interpretation:
The complete equation for the reaction between an amine and water is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Amines are nitrogen-containing organic compounds. The general formula of amines is
In secondary amines, two of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl group.
In tertiary amines, all hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl group.
Answer to Problem 16.26E
The complete reaction between an amine and water is given below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction between an amine and water gives ammonium ion and hydroxide ion. This happens by the abstraction of proton by lone pair of electrons of nitrogen in amine from the water. The intermediate then rearranges to give ammonium ion and hydroxide ion.
The complete reaction between an amine and water is given in Figure 2.
Figure 2
The complete reaction between an amine and water is shown in Figure 2.
(c)
Interpretation:
The complete equation for the reaction between an amine and
Concept introduction:
Amines are nitrogen-containing organic compounds. The general formula of amines is
In secondary amines, two of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl group.
In tertiary amines, all hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl group.
Answer to Problem 16.26E
The complete reaction between an amine and carboxylic acid is given below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction between an amine and carboxylic acid gives ammonium salt of carboxylic acid. This happens by the abstraction of proton by lone pair of electrons of nitrogen in amine from the carboxylic acid. The intermediate then rearranges to give ammonium salt of carboxylic acid.
The complete reaction between an amine and carboxylic acid is given in Figure 3.
Figure 3
The complete reaction between an amine and carboxylic acid is shown in Figure 3.
(d)
Interpretation:
The complete equation for the reaction between an amine salt and sodium hydroxide is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Amines are nitrogen-containing organic compounds. The general formula of amines is
In secondary amines, two of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl group.
In tertiary amines, all hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl group.
Answer to Problem 16.26E
The complete reaction between an amine salt and sodium hydroxide is given below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction between an amine salt and sodium hydroxide gives amine, water and sodium chloride. This happens by the abstraction of proton by lone pair of electrons of oxygen in sodium hydroxide from the amine salt. The intermediate then rearranges to give amine, water and sodium chloride.
The complete reaction between an amine salt and sodium hydroxide is given in Figure 4.
Figure 4
The complete reaction between an amine salt and sodium hydroxide is shown in Figure 4.
(e)
Interpretation:
The complete equation for the reaction between an acid chloride and primary amine is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Amines are nitrogen-containing organic compounds. The general formula of amines is
In secondary amines, two of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl group.
In tertiary amines, all hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl group.
Answer to Problem 16.26E
The complete reaction between an acid chloride and primary amine is given below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction between an acid chloride and primary amine gives amide and hydrochloric acid. This happens by the attack of lone pair of electrons of nitrogen in amine on the carbonyl carbon of acid chloride. The intermediate then rearranges to give amide and hydrochloric acid.
The complete reaction between an acid chloride and primary amine is given in Figure 5.
Figure 5
The complete reaction between an acid chloride and primary amine is shown in Figure 5.
(f)
Interpretation:
The complete equation for the reaction between an acid anhydride and ammonia is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Amines are nitrogen-containing organic compounds. The general formula of amines is
In secondary amines, two of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl group.
In tertiary amines, all hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl group.
Answer to Problem 16.26E
The complete reaction between an acid anhydride and ammonia is given below.
Explanation of Solution
The reaction between an acid anhydride and ammonia gives amide and carboxylic acid. This happens by the attack of lone pair of electrons of nitrogen in ammonia on the carbonyl carbon of acid anhydride. The intermediate then rearranges to give amide and carboxylic acid.
The complete reaction between an acid anhydride and ammonia is given in figure 6.
Figure 6
The complete reaction between an acid anhydride and ammonia is shown in figure 6.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Chemistry For Today: General, Organic, And Biochemistry, Loose-leaf Version
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- Hand written equations pleasearrow_forward> each pair of substrates below, choose the one that will react faster in a substitution reaction, assuming that: 1. the rate of substitution doesn't depend on nucleophile concentration and 2. the products are a roughly 50/50 mixture of enantiomers. Substrate A Substrate B Faster Rate X Ś CI (Choose one) (Choose one) CI Br Explanation Check Br (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Farrow_forwardNMR spectrum of ethyl acetate has signals whose chemical shifts are indicated below. Which hydrogen or set of hydrogens corresponds to the signal at 4.1 ppm? Select the single best answer. The H O HỌC—C—0—CH, CH, 2 A ethyl acetate H NMR: 1.3 ppm, 2.0 ppm, 4.1 ppm Check OA B OC ch B C Save For Later Submit Ass © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center |arrow_forward
- How many signals do you expect in the H NMR spectrum for this molecule? Br Br Write the answer below. Also, in each of the drawing areas below is a copy of the molecule, with Hs shown. In each copy, one of the H atoms is colored red. Highlight in red all other H atoms that would contribute to the same signal as the H already highlighted red Note for advanced students: In this question, any multiplet is counted as one signal. 1 Number of signals in the 'H NMR spectrum. For the molecule in the top drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. Check For the molecule in the bottom drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. O ✓ No additional Hs to color in top molecule ง No additional Hs to color in bottom…arrow_forwardin the kinetics experiment, what were the values calculated? Select all that apply.a) equilibrium constantb) pHc) order of reactiond) rate contstantarrow_forwardtrue or false, given that a 20.00 mL sample of NaOH took 24.15 mL of 0.141 M HCI to reach the endpoint in a titration, the concentration of the NaOH is 1.17 M.arrow_forward
- in the bromothymol blue experiment, pKa was measured. A closely related compound has a Ka of 2.10 x 10-5. What is the pKa?a) 7.1b) 4.7c) 2.0arrow_forwardcalculate the equilibrium concentration of H2 given that K= 0.017 at a constant temperature for this reaction. The inital concentration of HBr is 0.050 M.2HBr(g) ↔ H2(g) + Br2(g)a) 4.48 x 10-2 M b) 5.17 x 10-3 Mc) 1.03 x 10-2 Md) 1.70 x 10-2 Marrow_forwardtrue or falsegiven these two equilibria with their equilibrium constants:H2(g) + CI2(l) ↔ 2HCI(g) K= 0.006 CI2(l) ↔ CI2(g) K= 0.30The equilibrium contstant for the following reaction is 1.8H2(g) + CI2 ↔ 2HCI(g)arrow_forward
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