Interpretation:
The difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary
Concept introduction:
Amines are nitrogen-containing organic compounds. The general formula of amines is
Answer to Problem 16.1E
In primary amines, nitrogen atom is attached to one alkyl or aryl group. In secondary amines, nitrogen atom is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups. In tertiary amines, nitrogen atom is attached to three alkyl or aryl groups.
Explanation of Solution
In primary amines, one of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia is replaced by alkyl or aryl group. The nitrogen atom is attached to one alkyl or aryl group in primary amine.
In secondary amines, two of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl group. The nitrogen atom is attached to the two alkyl or aryl groups in secondary amine.
In tertiary amines, all hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by alkyl or aryl group. The nitrogen atom is attached to three alkyl or aryl groups in tertiary amine.
In primary amines, nitrogen atom is attached to one alkyl or aryl group. In secondary amines, nitrogen atom is attached to two alkyl or aryl groups. In tertiary amines, nitrogen atom is attached to three alkyl or aryl groups.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
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- Three amide isomers, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylacetamide, and propanamide, have respective boiling points of 153 °C (426 K), 202 °C (475 K), and 213 °C (486 K). Explain these boiling points in light of their structural formulas.arrow_forwardThe C-N distance in an amide bond is approximately 1.32 Å. A typical C-N single bond is 1.45Å, while a typical C=N double bond is 1.25 Å. Explain this observation and describe how thebonding in amides restricts the conformations amides can adopt.arrow_forwardWrite the systematic (IUPAC) names for the amines. The names should have the format alkanamine. H₂C-N-CH3 H3C-CH2-CH-CH3 systematic (IUPAC) name: HC-N-CH2-CH3 HC-CH2-CH2-CH₂ systematic (IUPAC) name: These compounds are amines.arrow_forward
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- N-Methylpyrrolidine has a boiling point of 81 °C, and piperidine has a boiling point of 106 °C. Tetrahydropyran has a boiling point of 88 °C, and cyclopentanone has a boiling point of 141 °C. These two isomershave a boiling point difference of 53 °C. Explain why the two oxygen-containing isomers have a much larger boilingpoint difference than the two amine isomersarrow_forwardMany substitution reactions are initiated by electrostatic attraction between reactants. Show where this attraction arises in the formation of an amide from an amine and an ester.arrow_forwardWrite structural formulas for all the amines of molecular formula C4H11N. Give an acceptable name for each one, and classify it as a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine.arrow_forward
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