Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 15, Problem 43QTP
To determine
A planned extrusion operation involves steel at
Determine if the smaller press is sufficient for this operation and If not then give the recommendations that would allow the use of the smaller press.
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Calculate the ram pressure
during indirect extrusion
process when a cylindrical billet
is 300 mm long and 150 mm in
diameter used to produce a 45
mm diameter. In this process:
a=0.8, b=1.4, K=275MPA, n=0.12.
A billet 100 mm long and 40 mm diameter is to be extruded in a direct extrusion with
final diameter of product 32 mm. The semi die angle is 60°. The work metal has a
strength coefficient 500 Map, and strain hardening 0.2 use the Johnson formula with
a=0.8 and b=1.45 to estimate the extrusion strain. Determine the pressure applied to
the end of the billet as the ram moves forward.
An open die forging operation is performed to produce a steel cylinder with a diameter of
9.7mm and a height of 1.7mm. The strength coefficient for this steel is 500MPA, and the
strain hardening exponent is 0.25. Coefficient of friction at the die-work interface is 0.12.
The initial stock of raw material has a diameter of 5mm.
(a) What height/length of stock is needed to provide sufficient volume of material for this
forging operation?
(b) Compute the maximum force that the punch must apply to form the head in this open-
die operation.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 15 - How does extrusion differ from rolling and...Ch. 15 - Explain the difference between extrusion and...Ch. 15 - What is a spider die? What is it used for?Ch. 15 - Why are wires sometimes drawn in bundles?Ch. 15 - What is a dead-metal zone?Ch. 15 - Define the terms (a) cladding, (b) dummy block,...Ch. 15 - Why is glass a good lubricant in hot extrusion?Ch. 15 - What types of defects may occur in (a) extrusion...Ch. 15 - Describe the difference between direct and reverse...Ch. 15 - What is land? What is its function in a die?
Ch. 15 - How are tubes extruded? Can they also be drawn?...Ch. 15 - Prob. 12RQCh. 15 - What is the difference between piping and...Ch. 15 - What is impact extrusion?Ch. 15 - What is the pipe defect in extrusion?Ch. 15 - List the similarities and differences between...Ch. 15 - Explain why extrusion is a batch, or...Ch. 15 - The extrusion ratio, die geometry, extrusion...Ch. 15 - Explain why cold extrusion is an important...Ch. 15 - What is the function of a stripper plate in impact...Ch. 15 - Explain the different ways by which changing the...Ch. 15 - Glass is a good lubricant in hot extrusion. Would...Ch. 15 - How would you go about avoiding center-cracking...Ch. 15 - Table 15.1 gives temperature ranges for extruding...Ch. 15 - Will the force in direct extrusion vary as the...Ch. 15 - Comment on the significance of metal flow patterns...Ch. 15 - In which applications could you use the type of...Ch. 15 - What is the purpose of the land in a drawing die?...Ch. 15 - Can spur gears be made by (a) drawing and (b)...Ch. 15 - How would you prepare the end of a wire in order...Ch. 15 - What is the purpose of a dummy block in extrusion?...Ch. 15 - Describe your observations concerning Fig. 15.9.Ch. 15 - Occasionally, steel wire drawing will take place...Ch. 15 - Explain the advantages of bundle drawing.Ch. 15 - Under what circumstances would backward extrusion...Ch. 15 - Why is lubrication detrimental in extrusion with a...Ch. 15 - In hydrostatic extrusion, complex seals are used...Ch. 15 - Describe the purpose of a container liner in...Ch. 15 - Estimate the force required in extruding 7030...Ch. 15 - Assuming an ideal drawing process, what is the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 41QTPCh. 15 - Calculate the extrusion force for a round billet...Ch. 15 - Prob. 43QTPCh. 15 - A round wire made of a perfectly plastic material...Ch. 15 - Assume that the summary to this chapter is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 47SDPCh. 15 - Figure 15.2 shows examples of discrete parts that...Ch. 15 - The parts shown in Fig. 15.2 are economically...Ch. 15 - Survey the technical literature, and explain how...Ch. 15 - Prob. 51SDPCh. 15 - List the processes that are suitable for producing...
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- You have been asked to work on some design problems and technically support the team working on extrusion and forging operations: 1) The team are extruding a billet that is 80 mm long with diameter of 40 mm is directly to a diameter of 20 mm. The extrusion die has a die angle of 75°, see Figure 1. For the work metal, K = 600 MPa and n = 0.25. In the Johnson extrusion strain equation, a = 0.8 and b = 1.4. Remaining billet length 75 Ram pressure, p D. Dr Figure 1: Extrusion process. Determine the following design parameters: (a) Extrusion ratio. (b) True strain (homogeneous deformation). (c) Extrusion strain. (d) Ram pressure at L= 80, 40, and 10 mm. (e) Draw the relationship between the ram pressure and billet length and discuss the results. What are your recommendations to dccrcase the required ram pressure?arrow_forwardA cylindrical billet that is 80 mm long and 32 mm diameter is reduced by backward extrusion to a 12 mm diameter. Half die angle is 90°. If the Johnson equation has a= 0.8 and b= 1.2 , and the flow curve for the work material has strength coefficient is 500 MPa, and strain hardening exponent is 0.8, Determine (a) extrusion ration, (b) true strain, (c) extrusion strain, (d) ram pressure, and (e) ram force.arrow_forwardConsider the extrusion of a cylindrical billet. Assume the billet to have a length of 0.3m and a diameter of 0.15m. This is extruded into a cylindrical product that is 0.03m in diameter and 7.5m long (a reduction ratio of 25). Neglecting the areas on the two ends, compute the ratio between the product surface area (wraparound cylinder) and the surface area of the starting billet. How would this ratio change if the product were a square with the same cross-sectional area as that of the 0.03m diameter circle?arrow_forward
- A 3in long and 1in diameter billet is extruded in a direct extrusion operation with an rx = 4.0. The extrusion has a cross section. The angle of the die (half angle) is 90o. The work metal has a resistance coefficient of 60ksi and a strain hardening exponent of 0.18. Use Johnston's formula with a = 0.8 and b = 1.5 to estimate the extrusion stress. Determine the pressure applied to the end of the billet when the piston moves forward.arrow_forward1. A component is designed to be hot forged in an impression die. The projected area of the product is 5800 mm2. During the forging process flashing is formed so that the area including the flash will be 8900 mm2. The part geometry is considered to be simple and the heated work material yields at 92 MPa. Calculate the maximum force required to perform the operation. 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages to forge a product through the open forging process, rather than to machine it from the same material?arrow_forwardA billet 100 mm long and 30 mm in diameter is to be extruded in a direct extrusion operation with extrusion ratio r, = 3.5. The extrudate has a round cross section. The die angle (half angle) = 60°. The work metal has a strength coefficient = 720 MPa, and strain hardening exponent = 0.17. Use the Johnson formula with a = 0.8 andb= 1.2 to estimate extrusion strain. Determine the following: 1. Diameter of the extrudate = mm 2. Butt volume = mm3 3. Actual extrudate length = mm 4. The pressure applied to perform the extrusion process = MPa 5. Ram force = N.arrow_forward
- A 10 mm thick plate is rolled to 7 mm thick in a rolling mill using 1000 mm diameter rigid rolls. The neutral point is located at an angle of 0.3 times the bite angle from the exit. What will be the thickness of the plate at the neutral point.arrow_forward◆ A billet 75 mm long and 25 mm in diameter is to be extruded in a direct extrusion operation with extrusion ratio rx = 4.0. The extrudate has a round cross section. The die angle (half angle)=90. The work metal has a strength coefficient =-415 MPa, and strain-hardening exponent = 0.18. Use the Johnson formula with a = 0.8 and b = 1.5 to estimate extrusion strain. Determine the pressure applied to the end of the billet as the ram moves forward.arrow_forwardA upset forging operation is performed in an open die. The initial size of the workpart is: Do = 63 mm, and ho = 100 mm. The part is upset to a diameter = 70 mm. The work metal has a flow curve with strength coefficient = 600 MPa and strain hardening exponent= 0.22. Coefficient of friction at the die-work interface = 0.40. Determine (a) final height of the part, and (b) maximum force in the operation.arrow_forward
- A billet 75mmlong and 25mmin diameter is to be extruded in a direct extrusion operation with extrusion ratio rx = 4.0. The extrudate has a round cross section. The die angle (half angle) = 90° The work metal has a strength coefficient = 415 MPa, and strainhardening exponent = 0.18. Use the Johnson formula with a = 0.8 and b = 1.5 to estimate extrusion strain. Determine the pressure applied to the end of the billet as the ram moves forwardarrow_forwardExample 10.3 A cylindrical billet of 40 mm diameter and 100 mm length is reduced by indirect (backward) extrusion to a 15 mm diameter using Flat dies. If the Johnson equation has a = 0.8 and b = 1.5 and the flow curve for the work metal has K = 750 MPa and n = 0.15, determine : (i) Extrusion rations (ii) True strain (homogencous deformation) (iii) Extrusion strain (iv) Ram forcearrow_forward3- A planned extrusion operation involves cold-rolled steel at 1000° C to diameter of 75 mnm with length 65 mm and a final length 70 mm Two presses, one with capacity (extrusion force) of 30 MiN and the other with a capacity (extrusion force) of 20 MN, are available for the operation. Is the smaller press sufficient for this operation? K"=35x10*3 N [Hint: Calculate the extrusion force and compare it to the available two presses!arrow_forward
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