Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133128741
Author: Serope Kalpakjian, Steven Schmid
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 15, Problem 42QTP
Calculate the extrusion force for a round billet 250 mm in diameter, made of 304 stainless steel, and extruded at 1000°C to a diameter of 70 mm.
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A billet 100 mm long and 40 mm diameter is to be extruded in a direct extrusion with
final diameter of product 32 mm. The semi die angle is 60°. The work metal has a
strength coefficient 500 Map, and strain hardening 0.2 use the Johnson formula with
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the end of the billet as the ram moves forward.
Extrusion calculation:
(1) Calculate the extrusion force ( N or mega newton) required for round billet
of 70-30 brass which is extruded at 675 °C. The diameter Db = 100 mm and
extrusion diameker De= 30 mm. Assume k = 250. (2)Sketch the problem?
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A 3in long and 1in diameter billet is extruded in a direct extrusion operation with an rx = 4.0. The extrusion has a cross section. The angle of the die (half angle) is 90o. The work metal has a resistance coefficient of 60ksi and a strain hardening exponent of 0.18. Use Johnston's formula with a = 0.8 and b = 1.5 to estimate the extrusion stress. Determine the pressure applied to the end of the billet when the piston moves forward.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Manufacturing Engineering & Technology
Ch. 15 - How does extrusion differ from rolling and...Ch. 15 - Explain the difference between extrusion and...Ch. 15 - What is a spider die? What is it used for?Ch. 15 - Why are wires sometimes drawn in bundles?Ch. 15 - What is a dead-metal zone?Ch. 15 - Define the terms (a) cladding, (b) dummy block,...Ch. 15 - Why is glass a good lubricant in hot extrusion?Ch. 15 - What types of defects may occur in (a) extrusion...Ch. 15 - Describe the difference between direct and reverse...Ch. 15 - What is land? What is its function in a die?
Ch. 15 - How are tubes extruded? Can they also be drawn?...Ch. 15 - Prob. 12RQCh. 15 - What is the difference between piping and...Ch. 15 - What is impact extrusion?Ch. 15 - What is the pipe defect in extrusion?Ch. 15 - List the similarities and differences between...Ch. 15 - Explain why extrusion is a batch, or...Ch. 15 - The extrusion ratio, die geometry, extrusion...Ch. 15 - Explain why cold extrusion is an important...Ch. 15 - What is the function of a stripper plate in impact...Ch. 15 - Explain the different ways by which changing the...Ch. 15 - Glass is a good lubricant in hot extrusion. Would...Ch. 15 - How would you go about avoiding center-cracking...Ch. 15 - Table 15.1 gives temperature ranges for extruding...Ch. 15 - Will the force in direct extrusion vary as the...Ch. 15 - Comment on the significance of metal flow patterns...Ch. 15 - In which applications could you use the type of...Ch. 15 - What is the purpose of the land in a drawing die?...Ch. 15 - Can spur gears be made by (a) drawing and (b)...Ch. 15 - How would you prepare the end of a wire in order...Ch. 15 - What is the purpose of a dummy block in extrusion?...Ch. 15 - Describe your observations concerning Fig. 15.9.Ch. 15 - Occasionally, steel wire drawing will take place...Ch. 15 - Explain the advantages of bundle drawing.Ch. 15 - Under what circumstances would backward extrusion...Ch. 15 - Why is lubrication detrimental in extrusion with a...Ch. 15 - In hydrostatic extrusion, complex seals are used...Ch. 15 - Describe the purpose of a container liner in...Ch. 15 - Estimate the force required in extruding 7030...Ch. 15 - Assuming an ideal drawing process, what is the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 41QTPCh. 15 - Calculate the extrusion force for a round billet...Ch. 15 - Prob. 43QTPCh. 15 - A round wire made of a perfectly plastic material...Ch. 15 - Assume that the summary to this chapter is...Ch. 15 - Prob. 47SDPCh. 15 - Figure 15.2 shows examples of discrete parts that...Ch. 15 - The parts shown in Fig. 15.2 are economically...Ch. 15 - Survey the technical literature, and explain how...Ch. 15 - Prob. 51SDPCh. 15 - List the processes that are suitable for producing...
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- A billet 100 mm long and 30 mm in diameter is to be extruded in a direct extrusion operation with extrusion ratio r, = 3.5. The extrudate has a round cross section. The die angle (half angle) = 60°. The work metal has a strength coefficient = 720 MPa, and strain hardening exponent = 0.17. Use the Johnson formula with a = 0.8 andb= 1.2 to estimate extrusion strain. Determine the following: 1. Diameter of the extrudate = mm 2. Butt volume = mm3 3. Actual extrudate length = mm 4. The pressure applied to perform the extrusion process = MPa 5. Ram force = N.arrow_forwardA brass billet is to be extruded from its initial diameter of 100 mm to a final diameter of 50 mm, working temperature is 700 degrees celsius and extrusion constant is 250 MPa. Find out the force required for extrusion?arrow_forward◆ A billet 75 mm long and 25 mm in diameter is to be extruded in a direct extrusion operation with extrusion ratio rx = 4.0. The extrudate has a round cross section. The die angle (half angle)=90. The work metal has a strength coefficient =-415 MPa, and strain-hardening exponent = 0.18. Use the Johnson formula with a = 0.8 and b = 1.5 to estimate extrusion strain. Determine the pressure applied to the end of the billet as the ram moves forward.arrow_forward
- An open die forging operation is performed to produce a steel cylinder with a diameter of 9.7mm and a height of 1.7mm. The strength coefficient for this steel is 500MPA, and the strain hardening exponent is 0.25. Coefficient of friction at the die-work interface is 0.12. The initial stock of raw material has a diameter of 5mm. (a) What height/length of stock is needed to provide sufficient volume of material for this forging operation? (b) Compute the maximum force that the punch must apply to form the head in this open- die operation.arrow_forwardIf the bar is reduced by extruding and the deformation efficiency is 70%, what is the extrusion pressure?arrow_forwardA planned extrusion operation involves cold-rolled steel at 1000°C_with an initial diameter of 110 mmand a final diameter of 20 mm .Two presses, one with capacity (extrusion force) of 20 MN and the other with a capacity (extrusion force) of 7 MN , are available for the operation. Is the smaller press sufficient for this operation? K"=35x10*3 N (Hint: Calculate the extrusion force and compare it to the available two presses]arrow_forward
- A cylindrical billet that is 80 mm long and 32 mm diameter is reduced by backward extrusion to a 12 mm diameter. Half die angle is 90°. If the Johnson equation has a= 0.8 and b= 1.2 , and the flow curve for the work material has strength coefficient is 500 MPa, and strain hardening exponent is 0.8, Determine (a) extrusion ration, (b) true strain, (c) extrusion strain, (d) ram pressure, and (e) ram force.arrow_forwardA direct extrusion operation produces a product with a 20 mm x 60 mm cross sectional area from a brass billet whose diameter = 125 mm and length = 350 mm. The flow curve parameters of the brass are K = 700 MPa and n = 0.35. In the Johnson strain equation, a = 0.7 and b = 1.4. Determine (a) the extrusion ratio, (b) the shape factor, (c) the force required to drive the ram forward during extrusion at the point in the process when the billet length remaining in the container = 300 mm, and (d) the length of the extruded section at the end of the operation if the volume of the butt left in the container is 600,000 mm3arrow_forwardA round slug 10 mm in diameter and made of a metal with average flow stress 300 MPa is reduced to a final diameter of 7 mm by cold extrusion. Estimate the force on the punch.arrow_forward
- Consider the extrusion of a cylindrical billet. Assume the billet to have a length of 0.3m and a diameter of 0.15m. This is extruded into a cylindrical product that is 0.03m in diameter and 7.5m long (a reduction ratio of 25). Neglecting the areas on the two ends, compute the ratio between the product surface area (wraparound cylinder) and the surface area of the starting billet. How would this ratio change if the product were a square with the same cross-sectional area as that of the 0.03m diameter circle?arrow_forwardIllustrate the advantages of direct extrusion on indirect extrusion?arrow_forwardYou have been asked to work on some design problems and technically support the team working on extrusion and forging operations: 1) The team are extruding a billet that is 80 mm long with diameter of 40 mm is directly to a diameter of 20 mm. The extrusion die has a die angle of 75°, see Figure 1. For the work metal, K = 600 MPa and n = 0.25. In the Johnson extrusion strain equation, a = 0.8 and b = 1.4. Remaining billet length 75 Ram pressure, p D. Dr Figure 1: Extrusion process. Determine the following design parameters: (a) Extrusion ratio. (b) True strain (homogeneous deformation). (c) Extrusion strain. (d) Ram pressure at L= 80, 40, and 10 mm. (e) Draw the relationship between the ram pressure and billet length and discuss the results. What are your recommendations to dccrcase the required ram pressure?arrow_forward
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