Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780357391594
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim; William H. Brown; Mary K. Campbell
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Chapter 15, Problem 23P
16-28 Following is the structural formula of metformin, the hydrochloride salt of which is marketed as the antidiabetic medication Glucophage. Metformin was introduced into clinical practice in the United States in 1995 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. More than 25 million prescriptions for this drug were written in 2000, making it the most commonly prescribed brand-name diabetes medication in the nation.
NH NH
H3(\
3 N N Nh2ch3 h
Metformin
- Complete the Lewis structure for metformin, showing all valence electrons.
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206 Pb
82
Express your answers as integers. Enter your answers separated by a comma.
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ΜΕ ΑΣΦ
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?
protons, neutrons
Please draw the inverted chair forms of the products for the two equilibrium reactions
shown below. Circle the equilibrium reaction that would have a AG = 0, i.e., the relative energy of
the reactant (to the left of the equilibrium arrows) equals the relative energy of the product? [No
requirement to show or do calculations.]
CH3
CH3
HH
CH3
1
-CH3
5.
Please consider the Newman projection of tartaric acid drawn below as an eclipsed
conformer (1). Please draw the most stable conformer and two intermediate energy conformers
noting that staggered conformers are lower in energy than eclipsed forms even if the staggered
conformers have gauche relationships between groups. [Draw the substituents H and OH on the front
carbons and H, OH and CO₂H on the back carbons based on staggered forms. -CO₂H is larger than -OH.]
OH
COH
ICOOH
COOH
COOH
1
2
COOH
COOH
3
4
Staggered
Staggered
Staggered (most stable)
Indicate the number of each conformer above (1, 2, 3 and 4) that corresponds to the relative energies
below.
Ref=0
Rotation
6. (60 points)
a. Are compounds 1 and 2 below enantiomers, diastereomers or identical?
OH
OH
HO
HO
LOH
HO
HO
OH
2
OH
OH
b. Please complete the zig-zag conformation of the compound
(3R,4S)-3,4-dichloro-2,5-dimethylhexane by writing the respective atoms in the boxes.
3.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 15.1QCCh. 15.2 - Problem 16-2 Write a structural formula for each...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.3QCCh. 15.3 - Problem 16-4 Select the stronger base from each...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.5QCCh. 15 - 16-6 Answer true or false. te/7-Butylamine is a 3°...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2PCh. 15 - Prob. 3PCh. 15 - 16-9 In what way are pyridine and pyrimidine...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5P
Ch. 15 - Prob. 6PCh. 15 - Prob. 7PCh. 15 - 16-13 Classify each amino group as primary,...Ch. 15 - Prob. 9PCh. 15 - 16-15 There are eight primary amines with the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 11PCh. 15 - 16-17 Propylamine (bp 48°C), ethylmethylamine (bp...Ch. 15 - 16-18 Account for the fact that 1-butanamine (bp...Ch. 15 - 16-19 2-Me thy 1 propane (bp -12°C), 2-propanol...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15PCh. 15 - Prob. 16PCh. 15 - Prob. 17PCh. 15 - Prob. 18PCh. 15 - Prob. 19PCh. 15 - Prob. 20PCh. 15 - 16-26 The p/fb of amphetamine is approximately 3.2...Ch. 15 - 16-27 Guanidine, p/Ca 13.6, is a very strong base,...Ch. 15 - 16-28 Following is the structural formula of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 24PCh. 15 - Prob. 25PCh. 15 - Prob. 26PCh. 15 - 16*32 Many tumors of the breast are correlated...Ch. 15 - Prob. 28PCh. 15 - Prob. 29PCh. 15 - Prob. 30PCh. 15 - (Chemical Connections 15B ) Identify all...Ch. 15 - Prob. 32PCh. 15 - Prob. 33PCh. 15 - Prob. 34PCh. 15 - Prob. 35PCh. 15 - Prob. 36PCh. 15 - (Chemical Connections 15D ) Suppose you saw this...Ch. 15 - Prob. 38PCh. 15 - Prob. 39PCh. 15 - Prob. 40PCh. 15 - 16-46 Arrange these three compounds in order of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 42PCh. 15 - Prob. 43PCh. 15 - Prob. 44PCh. 15 - Prob. 45PCh. 15 - Prob. 46PCh. 15 - Prob. 47PCh. 15 - Prob. 48PCh. 15 - 16-54 Several poisonous plants, including Atropa...Ch. 15 - Prob. 50PCh. 15 - Prob. 51PCh. 15 - Prob. 52PCh. 15 - 16-58 Following is a structural formula of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 54P
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