Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The product of reaction between hydrochloric acid and ammonia has to be identified. Also, the proton transfer in acid-base reaction of hydrochloric acid and ammonia has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
In Bronsted–Lowry theory, acid is defined as a substance that donates a proton. In a solution, it dissociates to give
Base is defined as a substance that accepts a proton. In a solution, it dissociates to give
Brønsted–Lowry acid transfer a proton and form base as the other compound can accept a proton. This is called conjugate acid-base pair. In pair of conjugate acid and base, the acid form is protonated and the base form lost the proton.
Every base has a conjugate acid. They are related by loss or gain of proton. The expression for base and conjugate acid is as follows:
Every acid has a conjugate base. They are related by loss or gain of proton. The expression for conjugate base and acid is as follows:
The reaction mechanism in which proton is donated by a compound and accepted by the other compound is called a proton transfer reaction. It involves transfer of protons between two species in
(b)
Interpretation:
The product of reaction between hydrogen carbonate ion and nitric acid has to be identified. Also, the proton transfer in acid-base reaction of hydrogen carbonate ion and nitric acid has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a)
(c)
Interpretation:
The product of reaction between cyanide ion and formic acid has to be identified. Also, the proton transfer in acid-base reaction of cyanide ion and formic acid has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a)
(d)
Interpretation:
The product of reaction between acetate ion and water has to be identified. Also, the proton transfer in acid-base reaction of acetate ion and water has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
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