(a) Interpretation: The meaning of fluorescence is to be stated. Concept introduction: When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may emit or reflect it back.

Question

[In this question, there are multiple answers to type in a "fill-in-the-blank" fashion - in each case, type in a whole number.] Consider using Slater's Rules to calculate the shielding factor (S) for the last electron in silicon (Si). There will be electrons with a 0.35 S-multiplier, electrons with a 0.85 S-multiplier, and electrons with a 1.00 S-multiplier.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The meaning of fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may emit or reflect it back.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The meaning of phosphorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may or may not emit it back.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The meaning of resonance fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The atom can interact with fields of same frequency as them.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The meaning of singlet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are magnetic spins on electrons in an atom. The magnetic spin can either be positive or negative.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The meaning of triplet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are negative and positive magnetic spins on each electron in an atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The meaning of vibrational relaxation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, the molecules get excited. Then the energy is reflected back after some time.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The meaning of internal conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing energy and come back to ground state by emitting this energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The meaning of external conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing radiation and come back to ground state by emitting this radiation.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The meaning of intersystem crossing is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There is a possibility of changing states from singlet state to triplet state. It is only possible when spin orbit coupling is present.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The meaning of predissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to its unstable excited state.

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

The meaning of dissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to excessive absorption of energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

The meaning of quantum yield is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The numbers of photons absorbed and emitted are different. These numbers are needed to find the yield of a substance.

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

The meaning of chemiluminescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The light that is absorbed by the molecules of a substance can be emitted because of different ways.

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[In this question, there are multiple answers to type in a "fill-in-the-blank" fashion - in each case, type in a whole number.] Consider using Slater's Rules to calculate the shielding factor (S) for the last electron in silicon (Si). There will be electrons with a 0.35 S-multiplier, electrons with a 0.85 S-multiplier, and electrons with a 1.00 S-multiplier.

Provide the unknown for the given data.

Draw the Lewis structures of two methanol (CH3OH) molecules and depict hydrogenbonding between them with dashed lines. Show all lone pairs. Provide a thorough analysis to apply concept idea into other problems.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The meaning of fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may emit or reflect it back.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The meaning of phosphorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may or may not emit it back.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The meaning of resonance fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The atom can interact with fields of same frequency as them.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The meaning of singlet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are magnetic spins on electrons in an atom. The magnetic spin can either be positive or negative.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The meaning of triplet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are negative and positive magnetic spins on each electron in an atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The meaning of vibrational relaxation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, the molecules get excited. Then the energy is reflected back after some time.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The meaning of internal conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing energy and come back to ground state by emitting this energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The meaning of external conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing radiation and come back to ground state by emitting this radiation.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The meaning of intersystem crossing is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There is a possibility of changing states from singlet state to triplet state. It is only possible when spin orbit coupling is present.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The meaning of predissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to its unstable excited state.

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

The meaning of dissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to excessive absorption of energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

The meaning of quantum yield is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The numbers of photons absorbed and emitted are different. These numbers are needed to find the yield of a substance.

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

The meaning of chemiluminescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The light that is absorbed by the molecules of a substance can be emitted because of different ways.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The meaning of fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may emit or reflect it back.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The meaning of phosphorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may or may not emit it back.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The meaning of resonance fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The atom can interact with fields of same frequency as them.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The meaning of singlet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are magnetic spins on electrons in an atom. The magnetic spin can either be positive or negative.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The meaning of triplet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are negative and positive magnetic spins on each electron in an atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The meaning of vibrational relaxation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, the molecules get excited. Then the energy is reflected back after some time.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The meaning of internal conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing energy and come back to ground state by emitting this energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The meaning of external conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing radiation and come back to ground state by emitting this radiation.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The meaning of intersystem crossing is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There is a possibility of changing states from singlet state to triplet state. It is only possible when spin orbit coupling is present.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The meaning of predissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to its unstable excited state.

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

The meaning of dissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to excessive absorption of energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

The meaning of quantum yield is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The numbers of photons absorbed and emitted are different. These numbers are needed to find the yield of a substance.

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

The meaning of chemiluminescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The light that is absorbed by the molecules of a substance can be emitted because of different ways.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The meaning of fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may emit or reflect it back.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The meaning of phosphorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may or may not emit it back.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The meaning of resonance fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The atom can interact with fields of same frequency as them.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The meaning of singlet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are magnetic spins on electrons in an atom. The magnetic spin can either be positive or negative.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The meaning of triplet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are negative and positive magnetic spins on each electron in an atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The meaning of vibrational relaxation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, the molecules get excited. Then the energy is reflected back after some time.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The meaning of internal conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing energy and come back to ground state by emitting this energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The meaning of external conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing radiation and come back to ground state by emitting this radiation.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The meaning of intersystem crossing is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There is a possibility of changing states from singlet state to triplet state. It is only possible when spin orbit coupling is present.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The meaning of predissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to its unstable excited state.

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

The meaning of dissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to excessive absorption of energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

The meaning of quantum yield is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The numbers of photons absorbed and emitted are different. These numbers are needed to find the yield of a substance.

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

The meaning of chemiluminescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The light that is absorbed by the molecules of a substance can be emitted because of different ways.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The meaning of fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may emit or reflect it back.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The meaning of phosphorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may or may not emit it back.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The meaning of resonance fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The atom can interact with fields of same frequency as them.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The meaning of singlet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are magnetic spins on electrons in an atom. The magnetic spin can either be positive or negative.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The meaning of triplet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are negative and positive magnetic spins on each electron in an atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The meaning of vibrational relaxation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, the molecules get excited. Then the energy is reflected back after some time.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The meaning of internal conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing energy and come back to ground state by emitting this energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The meaning of external conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing radiation and come back to ground state by emitting this radiation.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The meaning of intersystem crossing is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There is a possibility of changing states from singlet state to triplet state. It is only possible when spin orbit coupling is present.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The meaning of predissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to its unstable excited state.

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

The meaning of dissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to excessive absorption of energy.

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

The meaning of quantum yield is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The numbers of photons absorbed and emitted are different. These numbers are needed to find the yield of a substance.

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

The meaning of chemiluminescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The light that is absorbed by the molecules of a substance can be emitted because of different ways.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The meaning of fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may emit or reflect it back.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 15.2QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The meaning of fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may emit or reflect it back.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The meaning of phosphorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may or may not emit it back.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The meaning of phosphorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may or may not emit it back.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The meaning of resonance fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The atom can interact with fields of same frequency as them.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The meaning of resonance fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The atom can interact with fields of same frequency as them.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The meaning of singlet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are magnetic spins on electrons in an atom. The magnetic spin can either be positive or negative.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The meaning of singlet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are magnetic spins on electrons in an atom. The magnetic spin can either be positive or negative.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The meaning of triplet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are negative and positive magnetic spins on each electron in an atom.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The meaning of triplet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are negative and positive magnetic spins on each electron in an atom.

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The meaning of vibrational relaxation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, the molecules get excited. Then the energy is reflected back after some time.

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The meaning of vibrational relaxation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, the molecules get excited. Then the energy is reflected back after some time.

Answer 18

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The meaning of internal conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing energy and come back to ground state by emitting this energy.

Answer 19

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The meaning of internal conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing energy and come back to ground state by emitting this energy.

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The meaning of external conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing radiation and come back to ground state by emitting this radiation.

Answer 21

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The meaning of external conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing radiation and come back to ground state by emitting this radiation.

Answer 22

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The meaning of intersystem crossing is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There is a possibility of changing states from singlet state to triplet state. It is only possible when spin orbit coupling is present.

Answer 23

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

The meaning of intersystem crossing is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There is a possibility of changing states from singlet state to triplet state. It is only possible when spin orbit coupling is present.

Answer 24

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The meaning of predissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to its unstable excited state.

Answer 25

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

The meaning of predissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to its unstable excited state.

Answer 26

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

The meaning of dissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to excessive absorption of energy.

Answer 27

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

The meaning of dissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to excessive absorption of energy.

Answer 28

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

The meaning of quantum yield is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The numbers of photons absorbed and emitted are different. These numbers are needed to find the yield of a substance.

Answer 29

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

The meaning of quantum yield is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The numbers of photons absorbed and emitted are different. These numbers are needed to find the yield of a substance.

Answer 30

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

The meaning of chemiluminescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The light that is absorbed by the molecules of a substance can be emitted because of different ways.

Answer 31

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

The meaning of chemiluminescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The light that is absorbed by the molecules of a substance can be emitted because of different ways.

Answer 32

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Answer 43

Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.1QAP Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.2QAP Ch. 15 - Why is spectrofluorometry potentially more...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.4QAP Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.5QAP Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.6QAP Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.7QAP Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.8QAP Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.9QAP Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.10QAP

(a) Interpretation: The meaning of fluorescence is to be stated. Concept introduction: When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may emit or reflect it back.

(a) Interpretation: The meaning of fluorescence is to be stated. Concept introduction: When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may emit or reflect it back.

(b) Interpretation: The meaning of phosphorescence is to be stated. Concept introduction: When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may or may not emit it back.

(c) Interpretation: The meaning of resonance fluorescence is to be stated. Concept introduction: The atom can interact with fields of same frequency as them.

(d) Interpretation: The meaning of singlet state is to be stated. Concept introduction: There are magnetic spins on electrons in an atom. The magnetic spin can either be positive or negative.

(e) Interpretation: The meaning of triplet state is to be stated. Concept introduction: There are negative and positive magnetic spins on each electron in an atom.

(f) Interpretation: The meaning of vibrational relaxation is to be stated. Concept introduction: When a substance absorbs radiation or light, the molecules get excited. Then the energy is reflected back after some time.

(g) Interpretation: The meaning of internal conversion is to be stated. Concept introduction: The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing energy and come back to ground state by emitting this energy.

(h) Interpretation: The meaning of external conversion is to be stated. Concept introduction: The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing radiation and come back to ground state by emitting this radiation.

(i) Interpretation: The meaning of intersystem crossing is to be stated. Concept introduction: There is a possibility of changing states from singlet state to triplet state. It is only possible when spin orbit coupling is present.

(j) Interpretation: The meaning of predissociation is to be stated. Concept introduction: The bond of any molecule can be broken due to its unstable excited state.

(k) Interpretation: The meaning of dissociation is to be stated. Concept introduction: The bond of any molecule can be broken due to excessive absorption of energy.

(l) Interpretation: The meaning of quantum yield is to be stated. Concept introduction: The numbers of photons absorbed and emitted are different. These numbers are needed to find the yield of a substance.

(m) Interpretation: The meaning of chemiluminescence is to be stated. Concept introduction: The light that is absorbed by the molecules of a substance can be emitted because of different ways.

Chapter 15 Solutions

(a)

Interpretation:

The meaning of fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may emit or reflect it back.

(b)

Interpretation:

The meaning of phosphorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, it may or may not emit it back.

(c)

Interpretation:

The meaning of resonance fluorescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The atom can interact with fields of same frequency as them.

(d)

Interpretation:

The meaning of singlet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are magnetic spins on electrons in an atom. The magnetic spin can either be positive or negative.

(e)

Interpretation:

The meaning of triplet state is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There are negative and positive magnetic spins on each electron in an atom.

(f)

Interpretation:

The meaning of vibrational relaxation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

When a substance absorbs radiation or light, the molecules get excited. Then the energy is reflected back after some time.

(g)

Interpretation:

The meaning of internal conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing energy and come back to ground state by emitting this energy.

(h)

Interpretation:

The meaning of external conversion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The molecules get to the excited state by absorbing radiation and come back to ground state by emitting this radiation.

(i)

Interpretation:

The meaning of intersystem crossing is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

There is a possibility of changing states from singlet state to triplet state. It is only possible when spin orbit coupling is present.

(j)

Interpretation:

The meaning of predissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to its unstable excited state.

(k)

Interpretation:

The meaning of dissociation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The bond of any molecule can be broken due to excessive absorption of energy.

(l)

Interpretation:

The meaning of quantum yield is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The numbers of photons absorbed and emitted are different. These numbers are needed to find the yield of a substance.

(m)

Interpretation:

The meaning of chemiluminescence is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The light that is absorbed by the molecules of a substance can be emitted because of different ways.