Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)
Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780321910417
Author: Theodore E. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine Murphy, Patrick Woodward, Matthew E. Stoltzfus
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14, Problem 7E

In this chapter, we have learned about the photoelectric effect and its impact on the formulation of light as photons. We have also seen that some anomalous electron configurations of the elements are particularly favorable if each atom has one or more half-filled shell, such as the case for the Cr atom with its [Ar]4s13d 5 electron configuration. Let's
suppose it is hypothesized that it requires more energy to remove an electron from a metal that has atoms with one or more half-filled shells than from those that do not.

  1. Design a series of experiments involving the photoelectric effect that would test the hypothesis.
  2. What experimental apparatus would be needed to test the hypothesis? Its not necessary that you name actual equipment but rather that you imagine how the apparatus would work-think in terms of the types of measurements that would be needed, and what capability you would need in your apparatus.
  3. Describe the type of data you would collect and how you would analyze the data to see whether the hypothesis were correct.
  4. Could your experiments be extended to test the hypothesis for other parts of the periodic table, such as the lanthanide or actinide elements?

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Chapter 14 Solutions

Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)

Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 14.6.1PECh. 14.3 - Indicate which of the following is independent of...Ch. 14.4 - During a normal breath, our lungs expand about...Ch. 14.4 - How much work (in J) is involved in a chemical...Ch. 14.4 - Why is the change in enthalpy usually easier to...Ch. 14.4 - Under what condition will the enthalpy change of a...Ch. 14.4 - Assume that the following reaction occurs at...Ch. 14.4 - Suppose that the gas-phase reaction 2NO(g) + 02(g)...Ch. 14.5 - Which of the following statements is or are true?...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 14.10.2PECh. 14.5 - In the accompanying cylinder diagram, a chemical...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 14.11.2PECh. 14.6 - Consider the two diagrams that follow. Based on...Ch. 14.6 - Consider the conversion of compound A into...Ch. 14.6 - What is the electrostatic potential energy (in...Ch. 14.6 - What is the electrostatic potential energy (in...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 14.14.1PECh. 14.6 - Use the equations given in Problem 5.15 to...Ch. 14.6 - A sodium ion, Na+, with a charge of 1.6 x 10-19 C...Ch. 14.6 - A magnesium ion, Mg2+, with a charge of 3.2 x...Ch. 14 - 5.74 Using values from Appendix C, calculate the...Ch. 14 - Complete combustion of 1 mol of acetone (C2H6O)...Ch. 14 - 5.87 Consider the reaction 2H(g) + O2(g) ...Ch. 14 - The air bags that provide protection in...Ch. 14 - 5.111 From the following data for three...Ch. 14 - 5.123 Consider two solutions, the first being...Ch. 14 - For each of the following transitions, give the...Ch. 14 - In this chapter, we have learned about the...Ch. 14 - 6.12 State where in the periodic table these...Ch. 14 - Einstein's 1905 paper on the photoelectric effect...Ch. 14 - 5.48 Consider the decomposition of liquid...Ch. 14 - Under constant-volume conditions, the heat of...Ch. 14 - Given the data use Hess's law to calculate H for...Ch. 14 - 5.67 What is meant by the term standard...Ch. 14 - S 5.68 What is the value of the standard enthalpy...Ch. 14 - For each of the following compounds, write a...Ch. 14 - Write balanced equations that describe the...Ch. 14 - The following is known as the thermite reaction:...Ch. 14 - (a) What are the units usually used to express the...Ch. 14 - Using values from Appendix C , calculate the...Ch. 14 - 5.77 Gasoline is composed primarily of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 21ECh. 14 - Ethanol (C2H5OH) is blended with gasoline as an...Ch. 14 - 5.80 Methanol (CH3OH) is used as a fuel in race...Ch. 14 - 5.81 Without doing any calculations, predict the...Ch. 14 - 5.82 Without doing any calculations, predict...Ch. 14 - Use bond enthalpies in Table 5.4 Q to estimate for...Ch. 14 - Use bond enthalpies in Table 5.40 to estimate for...Ch. 14 - Use enthalpies of formation given in Appendix C to...Ch. 14 - 5.86 The nitrogen atoms in an N2 molecule are...Ch. 14 - 5.89 What is meant by the term fuel value? Which...Ch. 14 - 5.90 Which releases the most energy when...Ch. 14 - 5.91 A serving of a particular ready-to-serve...Ch. 14 - 5.92 A pound of plain M&M® candies contains 96 g...Ch. 14 - 5.93 The heat of combustion of fructose,...Ch. 14 - 5.94 The heat of combustion of ethanol,...Ch. 14 - 5.95 The standard enthalpies of formation of...Ch. 14 - 5.98 It is interesting to compare the ‘fuel...Ch. 14 - At the end of 2012, global population was about...Ch. 14 - Prob. 39ECh. 14 - (a) For a generic second-order reaction, what...Ch. 14 - A sample of gas is contained in a...Ch. 14 - Limestone stalactites and stalagmites are formed...Ch. 14 - Consider the systems shown in Figure 5.10. In one...Ch. 14 - 5.105 A house is designed to have passive solar...Ch. 14 - 5.108 A coffee-cup calorimeter of the type shown...Ch. 14 - 5.107 When a 0.235-9 sample of benzoic acid is...Ch. 14 - 5.108 Meals-ready-to-eat (MREs) are military...Ch. 14 - 5.109 Burning methane in oxygen can produce three...Ch. 14 - Prob. 49ECh. 14 - Ammonia (NH3) boils at -33 °C; at this temperature...Ch. 14 - Prob. 51ECh. 14 - Prob. 52ECh. 14 - 5.116 TheSun supplies about 1.0 kilowatt of...Ch. 14 - 5.117 Itis estimated that the net amount of...Ch. 14 - 5.118 At 20 °C (approximately room temperature)...Ch. 14 - Suppose an Olympic diver who weighs 52.0 kg...Ch. 14 - 5.120 Consider the combustion of a single...Ch. 14 - 5.121 Consider the following unbalanced...Ch. 14 - Consider the following acid-neutralization...Ch. 14 - 5.125 A sample of a hydrocarbon is combusted...Ch. 14 - 5.126 The methane molecule, CH4, has the geometry...Ch. 14 - 5.127 One of the best-selling light, or...Ch. 14 - A source of electromagnetic radiation produces...Ch. 14 - Which type of visible light has a longer...Ch. 14 - Consider the following three statements: For any...Ch. 14 - Prob. 66ECh. 14 - Prob. 67ECh. 14 - A laser emits light that has a frequency of 4.69...Ch. 14 - Prob. 69ECh. 14 - Calculate the velocity of a neutron whose de...Ch. 14 - An orbital has n = 4 and ml = 0, 1, 2, 3 -3, - 2,...Ch. 14 - What is the designation for the subshell with = 5...Ch. 14 - How many of the elements in the second row of the...Ch. 14 - Write the electron configuration for silicon,...Ch. 14 - A certain atom has an ns2np2electron configuration...Ch. 14 - Which group of elements is characterized by an...Ch. 14 - A certain atom has a [noble gas]5s24d105p4...Ch. 14 - Prob. 78ECh. 14 - Prob. 79ECh. 14 - 6.2 A popular kitchen appliance produces...Ch. 14 - 6.3 The following diagrams represent two...Ch. 14 - 6.4 Stars do not all have the same temperature....Ch. 14 - 6 5 The familiar phenomenon of a rainbow results...Ch. 14 - 6.7 A certain quantum mechanical system has the...Ch. 14 - Consider the three electronic transitions in a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 86ECh. 14 - 6.9 The contour representation of one of the...Ch. 14 - 6.10 The accompanying drawing shows a contour...Ch. 14 - 8.11 Four possible electron configurations for a...Ch. 14 - 6.14 a What is the relationship between the...Ch. 14 - Label each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 14 - Determine which of the following statements are...Ch. 14 - Arrange the following kinds of electromagnetic...Ch. 14 - List the following types of electromagnetic...Ch. 14 - What is the frequency of radiation that has a...Ch. 14 - What is the frequency of radiation whose...Ch. 14 - A laser pointer used in a lecture hall emits light...Ch. 14 - Prob. 98AECh. 14 - If human height were quantized in 1-foot...Ch. 14 - A gas is confined to a cylinder under constant...Ch. 14 - The complete combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH(l), to...Ch. 14 - The decomposition of Ca(OH)2(s) into CaO(s) and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 103AECh. 14 - 5.42 Without referring to tables, predict which...Ch. 14 - Consider the following reaction: 2 Mg(s) + 02(g)2...Ch. 14 - 544 Consider the following reaction: 2...Ch. 14 - When solutions containing silver ions and chloride...Ch. 14 - At one time, a common means of forming small...Ch. 14 - Prob. 109AECh. 14 - 5.49 a What are the units of molar heat...Ch. 14 - Two solid objects, A and B, are placed in boiling...Ch. 14 - What is the specific heat of liquid water? What is...Ch. 14 - 5.52 a. Which substance in Table 5.2 requires...Ch. 14 - The specific heat of octane, C8H18(l), is 2.22...Ch. 14 - 6.54 Consider the data about gold metal in...Ch. 14 - When a 6-50-g sample of solid sodium hydroxide...Ch. 14 - 5.56 a. When a 4 25-g sample of solid ammonium...Ch. 14 - A 2.200-g sample of quinone (C5H402) is burned in...Ch. 14 - 8.68 A 1.800-g sample of phenol (C6H5OH) was...Ch. 14 - 5.60 Under constant-volume conditions, the heat...Ch. 14 - 5.61 Can you use an approach similar to Hess's...Ch. 14 - 5.62 Consider the following hypothetical...Ch. 14 - Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction...Ch. 14 - From the enthalpies of reaction calculate H for...Ch. 14 - From the enthalpies of reaction Calculate H for...
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