Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)

13th Edition

ISBN: 9780321910417

Author: Theodore E. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine Murphy, Patrick Woodward, Matthew E. Stoltzfus

Publisher: PEARSON

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Textbook Question

Chapter 14, Problem 43E

Consider the systems shown in Figure 5.10. In one case the battery becomes completely discharged by running the current through a heater, and in the other case by running a fan. Both processes occur at constant pressure. In both cases the change in state of the system is the same:

The battery goes from being fully charged to being fully discharged. Yet in one case the heat evolved is large, and in the other it is small. Is the enthalpy change the same in the two cases? If not, how can enthalpy be considered a state function? If it is, what can you say about the relationship between enthalpy change and q in this case, as compared with others that we have considered?

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Chapter 14, Problem 42E

Chapter 14, Problem 44E

Chapter 14 Solutions

Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)

Ch. 14.2 - Identify the force present and explain whether...Ch. 14.2 - Identify the force present and explain whether...Ch. 14.2 - Which of the following cannot leave or enter a...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 14.2.2PE Ch. 14.2 - According to the first law of thermodynamics, what...Ch. 14.2 - Write an equation that expresses the first law of...Ch. 14.3 - Calculate AB and determine whether the process is...Ch. 14.3 - For the following processes, calculate the change...Ch. 14.3 - A gas is confined to a cylinder fitted with a...Ch. 14.3 - Consider a system consisting of two oppositely...

Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 14.6.1PE Ch. 14.3 - Indicate which of the following is independent of...Ch. 14.4 - During a normal breath, our lungs expand about...Ch. 14.4 - How much work (in J) is involved in a chemical...Ch. 14.4 - Why is the change in enthalpy usually easier to...Ch. 14.4 - Under what condition will the enthalpy change of a...Ch. 14.4 - Assume that the following reaction occurs at...Ch. 14.4 - Suppose that the gas-phase reaction 2NO(g) + 02(g)...Ch. 14.5 - Which of the following statements is or are true?...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 14.10.2PE Ch. 14.5 - In the accompanying cylinder diagram, a chemical...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 14.11.2PE Ch. 14.6 - Consider the two diagrams that follow. Based on...Ch. 14.6 - Consider the conversion of compound A into...Ch. 14.6 - What is the electrostatic potential energy (in...Ch. 14.6 - What is the electrostatic potential energy (in...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 14.14.1PE Ch. 14.6 - Use the equations given in Problem 5.15 to...Ch. 14.6 - A sodium ion, Na+, with a charge of 1.6 x 10-19 C...Ch. 14.6 - A magnesium ion, Mg2+, with a charge of 3.2 x...Ch. 14 - 5.74 Using values from Appendix C, calculate the...Ch. 14 - Complete combustion of 1 mol of acetone (C2H6O)...Ch. 14 - 5.87 Consider the reaction 2H(g) + O2(g) ...Ch. 14 - The air bags that provide protection in...Ch. 14 - 5.111 From the following data for three...Ch. 14 - 5.123 Consider two solutions, the first being...Ch. 14 - For each of the following transitions, give the...Ch. 14 - In this chapter, we have learned about the...Ch. 14 - 6.12 State where in the periodic table these...Ch. 14 - Einstein's 1905 paper on the photoelectric effect...Ch. 14 - 5.48 Consider the decomposition of liquid...Ch. 14 - Under constant-volume conditions, the heat of...Ch. 14 - Given the data use Hess's law to calculate H for...Ch. 14 - 5.67 What is meant by the term standard...Ch. 14 - S 5.68 What is the value of the standard enthalpy...Ch. 14 - For each of the following compounds, write a...Ch. 14 - Write balanced equations that describe the...Ch. 14 - The following is known as the thermite reaction:...Ch. 14 - (a) What are the units usually used to express the...Ch. 14 - Using values from Appendix C , calculate the...Ch. 14 - 5.77 Gasoline is composed primarily of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 21E Ch. 14 - Ethanol (C2H5OH) is blended with gasoline as an...Ch. 14 - 5.80 Methanol (CH3OH) is used as a fuel in race...Ch. 14 - 5.81 Without doing any calculations, predict the...Ch. 14 - 5.82 Without doing any calculations, predict...Ch. 14 - Use bond enthalpies in Table 5.4 Q to estimate for...Ch. 14 - Use bond enthalpies in Table 5.40 to estimate for...Ch. 14 - Use enthalpies of formation given in Appendix C to...Ch. 14 - 5.86 The nitrogen atoms in an N2 molecule are...Ch. 14 - 5.89 What is meant by the term fuel value? Which...Ch. 14 - 5.90 Which releases the most energy when...Ch. 14 - 5.91 A serving of a particular ready-to-serve...Ch. 14 - 5.92 A pound of plain M&M® candies contains 96 g...Ch. 14 - 5.93 The heat of combustion of fructose,...Ch. 14 - 5.94 The heat of combustion of ethanol,...Ch. 14 - 5.95 The standard enthalpies of formation of...Ch. 14 - 5.98 It is interesting to compare the ‘fuel...Ch. 14 - At the end of 2012, global population was about...Ch. 14 - Prob. 39E Ch. 14 - (a) For a generic second-order reaction, what...Ch. 14 - A sample of gas is contained in a...Ch. 14 - Limestone stalactites and stalagmites are formed...Ch. 14 - Consider the systems shown in Figure 5.10. In one...Ch. 14 - 5.105 A house is designed to have passive solar...Ch. 14 - 5.108 A coffee-cup calorimeter of the type shown...Ch. 14 - 5.107 When a 0.235-9 sample of benzoic acid is...Ch. 14 - 5.108 Meals-ready-to-eat (MREs) are military...Ch. 14 - 5.109 Burning methane in oxygen can produce three...Ch. 14 - Prob. 49E Ch. 14 - Ammonia (NH3) boils at -33 °C; at this temperature...Ch. 14 - Prob. 51E Ch. 14 - Prob. 52E Ch. 14 - 5.116 TheSun supplies about 1.0 kilowatt of...Ch. 14 - 5.117 Itis estimated that the net amount of...Ch. 14 - 5.118 At 20 °C (approximately room temperature)...Ch. 14 - Suppose an Olympic diver who weighs 52.0 kg...Ch. 14 - 5.120 Consider the combustion of a single...Ch. 14 - 5.121 Consider the following unbalanced...Ch. 14 - Consider the following acid-neutralization...Ch. 14 - 5.125 A sample of a hydrocarbon is combusted...Ch. 14 - 5.126 The methane molecule, CH4, has the geometry...Ch. 14 - 5.127 One of the best-selling light, or...Ch. 14 - A source of electromagnetic radiation produces...Ch. 14 - Which type of visible light has a longer...Ch. 14 - Consider the following three statements: For any...Ch. 14 - Prob. 66E Ch. 14 - Prob. 67E Ch. 14 - A laser emits light that has a frequency of 4.69...Ch. 14 - Prob. 69E Ch. 14 - Calculate the velocity of a neutron whose de...Ch. 14 - An orbital has n = 4 and ml = 0, 1, 2, 3 -3, - 2,...Ch. 14 - What is the designation for the subshell with = 5...Ch. 14 - How many of the elements in the second row of the...Ch. 14 - Write the electron configuration for silicon,...Ch. 14 - A certain atom has an ns2np2electron configuration...Ch. 14 - Which group of elements is characterized by an...Ch. 14 - A certain atom has a [noble gas]5s24d105p4...Ch. 14 - Prob. 78E Ch. 14 - Prob. 79E Ch. 14 - 6.2 A popular kitchen appliance produces...Ch. 14 - 6.3 The following diagrams represent two...Ch. 14 - 6.4 Stars do not all have the same temperature....Ch. 14 - 6 5 The familiar phenomenon of a rainbow results...Ch. 14 - 6.7 A certain quantum mechanical system has the...Ch. 14 - Consider the three electronic transitions in a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 86E Ch. 14 - 6.9 The contour representation of one of the...Ch. 14 - 6.10 The accompanying drawing shows a contour...Ch. 14 - 8.11 Four possible electron configurations for a...Ch. 14 - 6.14 a What is the relationship between the...Ch. 14 - Label each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 14 - Determine which of the following statements are...Ch. 14 - Arrange the following kinds of electromagnetic...Ch. 14 - List the following types of electromagnetic...Ch. 14 - What is the frequency of radiation that has a...Ch. 14 - What is the frequency of radiation whose...Ch. 14 - A laser pointer used in a lecture hall emits light...Ch. 14 - Prob. 98AE Ch. 14 - If human height were quantized in 1-foot...Ch. 14 - A gas is confined to a cylinder under constant...Ch. 14 - The complete combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH(l), to...Ch. 14 - The decomposition of Ca(OH)2(s) into CaO(s) and...Ch. 14 - Prob. 103AE Ch. 14 - 5.42 Without referring to tables, predict which...Ch. 14 - Consider the following reaction: 2 Mg(s) + 02(g)2...Ch. 14 - 544 Consider the following reaction: 2...Ch. 14 - When solutions containing silver ions and chloride...Ch. 14 - At one time, a common means of forming small...Ch. 14 - Prob. 109AE Ch. 14 - 5.49 a What are the units of molar heat...Ch. 14 - Two solid objects, A and B, are placed in boiling...Ch. 14 - What is the specific heat of liquid water? What is...Ch. 14 - 5.52 a. Which substance in Table 5.2 requires...Ch. 14 - The specific heat of octane, C8H18(l), is 2.22...Ch. 14 - 6.54 Consider the data about gold metal in...Ch. 14 - When a 6-50-g sample of solid sodium hydroxide...Ch. 14 - 5.56 a. When a 4 25-g sample of solid ammonium...Ch. 14 - A 2.200-g sample of quinone (C5H402) is burned in...Ch. 14 - 8.68 A 1.800-g sample of phenol (C6H5OH) was...Ch. 14 - 5.60 Under constant-volume conditions, the heat...Ch. 14 - 5.61 Can you use an approach similar to Hess's...Ch. 14 - 5.62 Consider the following hypothetical...Ch. 14 - Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction...Ch. 14 - From the enthalpies of reaction calculate H for...Ch. 14 - From the enthalpies of reaction Calculate H for...

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