BIOLOGY 2E
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781506699851
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU PUBLISHING
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Chapter 14, Problem 33CTQ
What is the role of a primer in
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A DNA strand was sequenced using the Sanger method
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTstRrDTmWI). The reaction
tube contained the DNA strand, fluorescently labelled
dideoxynucleotide triphosphates (ddATP – yellow, ddGTP – green,
ddCTP – blue, ddTTP - red), deoxynucleotide triphosphates, DNA
polymerase, or its Klenow fragment. Synthesis of DNA is allowed to
proceed, and the results are shown on the right:
15
14
13
12
11
10
(a) What is the sequence of the copy and the template strands?
(b) If the template strand were in the 5'-3' direction, what will be
the sequence of the DNA copy?
Nucleotide Length
What are the three types of DNA ends that can be generated after cutting DNA with restriction enzymes? What reaction is catalyzed by DNA ligase?
During agarose gel electrophoresis, why does DNA move through the gel when electric current is applied?
because DNA is negatively charged
because a charged chemical from the loading buffer is bound to the DNA
because DNA is positively charged
because DNA absorbs electricity
Chapter 14 Solutions
BIOLOGY 2E
Ch. 14 - Figure 14.10 In eukaryotic cells, DNA and RNA...Ch. 14 - Figure 14.14 You isolate a cell strain in which...Ch. 14 - Figure 14.21 A fr am eshift mutation that results...Ch. 14 - If DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it...Ch. 14 - The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped...Ch. 14 - Bacterial transformation is a major concern in...Ch. 14 - DNA double helix does not have which of the...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotes, what is the DNA wrapped around?...Ch. 14 - Meselson and Stahl's experiments proved that DNA...Ch. 14 - If the sequence of the 5'-3' strand is AATGCTAC,...
Ch. 14 - How did Meselson and Stahl support Watson and...Ch. 14 - Which of the following components is not involved...Ch. 14 - Which of the following does the enzyme primase...Ch. 14 - In which direction does DNA replication take...Ch. 14 - A scientist randomly mutates the DNA of a...Ch. 14 - The ends of the linear chromosomes are maintained...Ch. 14 - Which of the following is not a true statement...Ch. 14 - During proofreading, which of the following...Ch. 14 - The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide...Ch. 14 - A scientist creates fruit fly larvae with a...Ch. 14 - Explain Griffith's transformation experiments What...Ch. 14 - Why were radioactive sulfur and phosphorous used...Ch. 14 - When Chargaffwas performing his experiments, the...Ch. 14 - Provide a brief summary of the Sanger sequencing...Ch. 14 - Describe the structure and complementary base...Ch. 14 - Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome...Ch. 14 - How did the scientific community learn that DNA...Ch. 14 - Imagine the Meselson and Stahl experiments had...Ch. 14 - DNA replication is bidirectional and...Ch. 14 - What are Okazaki fragments and how they are...Ch. 14 - If the rate of replication in a particular...Ch. 14 - Explain the events taking place at the replication...Ch. 14 - What is the role of a primer in DNA replication?...Ch. 14 - Quinolone antibiotics treat bacterial infections...Ch. 14 - How do the linear chromosomes in eukaryotes ensure...Ch. 14 - What is the consequence of mutation of a mismatch...Ch. 14 - An adult with a history of tanning has his genome...
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- Why do DNA Polymerases Require a Primer?arrow_forwardWhat are the consequences for a DNA sequencing reaction if the ratio of dideoxyribonucleoside triphosphates to deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates is increased? What happens if this ratio is decreased?arrow_forwardLabelled primers or dNTPs are useful in some recombinant DNA techniques. What are DNA primers? What labelled primer can be incorporated into DNA primers. Describe the recombinant DNA techniques where these labelled primers or dNTPs are used.arrow_forward
- In DNA replication, RNA primase is used to construct primers which are complementary to the DNA strand. In PCR we include primers that flanks (sits down on either side) the area of the genome we want amplified. A primer is needed in order for DNA polymerase to start the replication process (making covalent bonds between nucleotides). Specifically, why is the primer needed in order for DNA ploymerase to start synthesis? A ) primers provide the free OH group needed by DNA polymerase to make the first covalent bond B) to prevent DNA helicase from breaking too many H bonds C) the DNA is in danger of becoming denatured without a primer D) primers provide the free phosphate group needed by DNA polymerase to make the first covalent bond E) primers will provide enough energy to help the reaction occurarrow_forwardThe following gel was produced in manual DNA sequencing. What would the unknown DNA template be that this gel represents?arrow_forwardChoose the right combination of components required to set up a polymerase chain reaction from the following: Template RNA, two primers, NTPs, and DNA polymerase Template DNA, two primers, dNTPs, and DNA ligase Template DNA, two primers, NTPs, and DNA ligase Template DNA, two primers, dNTPs, and DNA polymerasearrow_forward
- List essential components required for the DNA sequencing reaction based on the Sanger method. Briefly describe the purpose of each componentarrow_forwardWhat is an Okazaki fragment? In which strand of replicating DNA are Okazaki fragments found? Based on the properties of DNA polymerase, why is it necessary to make these fragments?arrow_forwardDraw the structure of a dideoxynucleotide that would be used for DNA sequencing, and explain why they result in chain termination. Write out the sequence of the first 20 nucleotides for the gene shown in the sequencing gel below (remember to start at the bottom of the gel and work upward, from smallest to largest fragments).arrow_forward
- What is the axial ratio (length:diameter) of a DNA molecule 20 μm long?arrow_forwardUse a drawing to illustrate the principle of DNA gel electrophoresis. (2 marks)-+arrow_forwardDNase is an endonuclease that degrades DNA. Which steps or/and reagents in the DNA isolation procedure prevent endonucleases from degrading DNA?arrow_forward
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