BIOLOGY 2E
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781506699851
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU PUBLISHING
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Chapter 14, Problem 20RQ
A scientist creates fruit fly larvae with a mutation that eliminates the exonuclease function of DNA pol III. Which prediction about the mutational load in the adult fruit flies is most likely to be correct?
- The adults with the DNA pol III mutation will have significantly more mutations than average
- The adults with the DNA pol III mutation will have slightly more mutations than average
- The adults with the DNA pol III mutation will have the same number of mutations as average
- The adults with the DNA pol III mutation will have fewer mutations than average.
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A certain section of the coding (sense) strand of some DNA looks like this:
5'-
ATGGGCCACTCATCTTAG-3'
It's known that a very small gene is contained in this section.
Classify each of the possible mutations of this DNA shown in the table below.
I Don't Know
mutant DNA
5'- ATG GGCCACAGTTCTTAG-3'
5'- ATG GG CTCATCTTAG - 3'
5'- ATG GGCCACGCATCTTAG-3'
Submit
type of mutation
(check all that apply)
ооооо
O point
O silent
O noisy
ооооо
insertion
deletion
insertion
O deletion
Opoint
Osilent
noisy
insertion
O deletion
ооооо
Opoint
silent
O noisy
X
S
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Exposure to various chemicals can cause DNA mutations. Classify the examples as representative of transition, transversion, or
nsertion/deletion mutations.
Transition
replacement of T:A: with C:G
treatment with nitrogen mustard causes this
type of mutation
oxidative deamination via nitrous acid causes
this type of mutation
treatment with 5-bromouracil causes the
replacement of A:T with G:C
Transversion
replacement of G:C with T:A
Answer Bank
Insertion/Deletion
the removal of one or more base pairs
treatment with proflavin causes this type
of mutation
The data below illustrates the role of MutS, MutH and Dam in DNA repair. Strains of E coli that are wild-type (FX-11) or with inactive forms of MutS or MutH as well as strains without dam methylase. Explain the function of MutS and MutH and why their deletion enhance the mutation rate of E coli. Why does deletion of the dam gene increase the mutation rate further?
Chapter 14 Solutions
BIOLOGY 2E
Ch. 14 - Figure 14.10 In eukaryotic cells, DNA and RNA...Ch. 14 - Figure 14.14 You isolate a cell strain in which...Ch. 14 - Figure 14.21 A fr am eshift mutation that results...Ch. 14 - If DNA of a particular species was analyzed and it...Ch. 14 - The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped...Ch. 14 - Bacterial transformation is a major concern in...Ch. 14 - DNA double helix does not have which of the...Ch. 14 - In eukaryotes, what is the DNA wrapped around?...Ch. 14 - Meselson and Stahl's experiments proved that DNA...Ch. 14 - If the sequence of the 5'-3' strand is AATGCTAC,...
Ch. 14 - How did Meselson and Stahl support Watson and...Ch. 14 - Which of the following components is not involved...Ch. 14 - Which of the following does the enzyme primase...Ch. 14 - In which direction does DNA replication take...Ch. 14 - A scientist randomly mutates the DNA of a...Ch. 14 - The ends of the linear chromosomes are maintained...Ch. 14 - Which of the following is not a true statement...Ch. 14 - During proofreading, which of the following...Ch. 14 - The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide...Ch. 14 - A scientist creates fruit fly larvae with a...Ch. 14 - Explain Griffith's transformation experiments What...Ch. 14 - Why were radioactive sulfur and phosphorous used...Ch. 14 - When Chargaffwas performing his experiments, the...Ch. 14 - Provide a brief summary of the Sanger sequencing...Ch. 14 - Describe the structure and complementary base...Ch. 14 - Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome...Ch. 14 - How did the scientific community learn that DNA...Ch. 14 - Imagine the Meselson and Stahl experiments had...Ch. 14 - DNA replication is bidirectional and...Ch. 14 - What are Okazaki fragments and how they are...Ch. 14 - If the rate of replication in a particular...Ch. 14 - Explain the events taking place at the replication...Ch. 14 - What is the role of a primer in DNA replication?...Ch. 14 - Quinolone antibiotics treat bacterial infections...Ch. 14 - How do the linear chromosomes in eukaryotes ensure...Ch. 14 - What is the consequence of mutation of a mismatch...Ch. 14 - An adult with a history of tanning has his genome...
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- Please answer #17 and #18.arrow_forwardMutations that eliminate the function of a protein are generally associated with: missense changes in a small number of codons in a gene mutations creating UGA, UAA or UAG sequences in introns base pair changes that occur within the promoter of a gene activating mutations in proto-oncogenes that cause growth mutations in tumor suppressor genes that lead to cancer A scientist is doing a PCR experiment where she is using PCR primers where the 5' ends have a radioactive phosphorus atom (33P) on them. After performing 30 cycles of amplification, where will the radioactivity be found? Assume that the polymerase used has no exonuclease activity. choose one or more1-free nucleotides2-unused primers3-in the PCR products When you send your saliva sample to 23andMe, they: identify the bases at one of over half a million places in your genome break the DNA using special enzymes and measure the sizes on gels…arrow_forwardIn humans, the AMY1 gene produces the enzyme amylase in cells of the salivary glands. Amylase breaks down starch (a polysaccharide) into the sugar maltose (a disaccharide). People from cultures with diets high in starch produce more amylase than people from cultures with diets low in starch because of a mutation in the AMY1 gene. Explain in two to three sentences why the frequency of this AMY1 mutation would have increased in frequency in populations with a high starch diet.arrow_forward
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