The reason that why it is simpler strategy than the reverse engineering E. coli to be more ethanol tolerant. Introduction: “Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This condition occurs in the absence of oxygen. In humans, the process of fermentation relies on the first stage that is glycolysis of the cellular respiration . This process allows production of two molecules of ATP from one glucose molecule which is less in comparison to the ATP molecules produced by cellular respiration. Whereas in microorganisms, this process is the primary means of ATP production by break down of organic nutrients in the absence of oxygen.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 14, Problem 31DAP

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that why it is simpler strategy than the reverse engineering E. coli to be more ethanol tolerant.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This condition occurs in the absence of oxygen. In humans, the process of fermentation relies on the first stage that is glycolysis of the cellular respiration. This process allows production of two molecules of ATP from one glucose molecule which is less in comparison to the ATP molecules produced by cellular respiration. Whereas in microorganisms, this process is the primary means of ATP production by break down of organic nutrients in the absence of oxygen.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The chemical transformation catalyzed by each of three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce enzymes that convert L-arabinose into L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is a multistep reaction which includes three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The name of the sugar which is converted from arabinose by three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes that is used to convert L-arabinose .

(d)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The overall pathway for the fermentation of six molecules of arabinose to ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(e1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The stoichiometry of the fermentation of six molecules of arabinose to ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(e2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of ATP molecules that would be generated in this reaction.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(f)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that production of 1 ATP per molecule of arabinose is less beneficial for bacterium but better for production of ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The additional enzymes that would allow Z. mobilis to use xylose as well as arabinose to produce ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

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The beta-lactamase hydrolyzes the lactam-ring in penicillin. Describe the mechanism of hydrolysis, insuring to include the involvement of S, D, & K in the reaction sequence. Please help

To map the active site of beta-lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Why doesn't D in this hexapeptide not participate in the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring even though S, K, and D are involved in the catalyst?

To map the active site of -lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Using the experimental results described above derive the primary sequence of the active site hexapeptide. Please help!

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 14, Problem 31DAP

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that why it is simpler strategy than the reverse engineering E. coli to be more ethanol tolerant.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This condition occurs in the absence of oxygen. In humans, the process of fermentation relies on the first stage that is glycolysis of the cellular respiration. This process allows production of two molecules of ATP from one glucose molecule which is less in comparison to the ATP molecules produced by cellular respiration. Whereas in microorganisms, this process is the primary means of ATP production by break down of organic nutrients in the absence of oxygen.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The chemical transformation catalyzed by each of three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce enzymes that convert L-arabinose into L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is a multistep reaction which includes three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The name of the sugar which is converted from arabinose by three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes that is used to convert L-arabinose .

(d)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The overall pathway for the fermentation of six molecules of arabinose to ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(e1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The stoichiometry of the fermentation of six molecules of arabinose to ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(e2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of ATP molecules that would be generated in this reaction.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(f)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that production of 1 ATP per molecule of arabinose is less beneficial for bacterium but better for production of ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The additional enzymes that would allow Z. mobilis to use xylose as well as arabinose to produce ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 14, Problem 31DAP

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that why it is simpler strategy than the reverse engineering E. coli to be more ethanol tolerant.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This condition occurs in the absence of oxygen. In humans, the process of fermentation relies on the first stage that is glycolysis of the cellular respiration. This process allows production of two molecules of ATP from one glucose molecule which is less in comparison to the ATP molecules produced by cellular respiration. Whereas in microorganisms, this process is the primary means of ATP production by break down of organic nutrients in the absence of oxygen.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The chemical transformation catalyzed by each of three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce enzymes that convert L-arabinose into L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is a multistep reaction which includes three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The name of the sugar which is converted from arabinose by three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes that is used to convert L-arabinose .

(d)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The overall pathway for the fermentation of six molecules of arabinose to ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(e1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The stoichiometry of the fermentation of six molecules of arabinose to ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(e2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of ATP molecules that would be generated in this reaction.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(f)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that production of 1 ATP per molecule of arabinose is less beneficial for bacterium but better for production of ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The additional enzymes that would allow Z. mobilis to use xylose as well as arabinose to produce ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 14, Problem 31DAP

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that why it is simpler strategy than the reverse engineering E. coli to be more ethanol tolerant.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This condition occurs in the absence of oxygen. In humans, the process of fermentation relies on the first stage that is glycolysis of the cellular respiration. This process allows production of two molecules of ATP from one glucose molecule which is less in comparison to the ATP molecules produced by cellular respiration. Whereas in microorganisms, this process is the primary means of ATP production by break down of organic nutrients in the absence of oxygen.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The chemical transformation catalyzed by each of three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce enzymes that convert L-arabinose into L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is a multistep reaction which includes three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The name of the sugar which is converted from arabinose by three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes that is used to convert L-arabinose .

(d)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The overall pathway for the fermentation of six molecules of arabinose to ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(e1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The stoichiometry of the fermentation of six molecules of arabinose to ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(e2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of ATP molecules that would be generated in this reaction.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(f)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that production of 1 ATP per molecule of arabinose is less beneficial for bacterium but better for production of ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The additional enzymes that would allow Z. mobilis to use xylose as well as arabinose to produce ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 31DAP

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that why it is simpler strategy than the reverse engineering E. coli to be more ethanol tolerant.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This condition occurs in the absence of oxygen. In humans, the process of fermentation relies on the first stage that is glycolysis of the cellular respiration. This process allows production of two molecules of ATP from one glucose molecule which is less in comparison to the ATP molecules produced by cellular respiration. Whereas in microorganisms, this process is the primary means of ATP production by break down of organic nutrients in the absence of oxygen.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The chemical transformation catalyzed by each of three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce enzymes that convert L-arabinose into L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is a multistep reaction which includes three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The name of the sugar which is converted from arabinose by three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes that is used to convert L-arabinose .

(d)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The overall pathway for the fermentation of six molecules of arabinose to ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(e1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The stoichiometry of the fermentation of six molecules of arabinose to ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(e2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of ATP molecules that would be generated in this reaction.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(f)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that production of 1 ATP per molecule of arabinose is less beneficial for bacterium but better for production of ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The additional enzymes that would allow Z. mobilis to use xylose as well as arabinose to produce ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 31DAP

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that why it is simpler strategy than the reverse engineering E. coli to be more ethanol tolerant.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This condition occurs in the absence of oxygen. In humans, the process of fermentation relies on the first stage that is glycolysis of the cellular respiration. This process allows production of two molecules of ATP from one glucose molecule which is less in comparison to the ATP molecules produced by cellular respiration. Whereas in microorganisms, this process is the primary means of ATP production by break down of organic nutrients in the absence of oxygen.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 31DAP

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason that why it is simpler strategy than the reverse engineering E. coli to be more ethanol tolerant.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This condition occurs in the absence of oxygen. In humans, the process of fermentation relies on the first stage that is glycolysis of the cellular respiration. This process allows production of two molecules of ATP from one glucose molecule which is less in comparison to the ATP molecules produced by cellular respiration. Whereas in microorganisms, this process is the primary means of ATP production by break down of organic nutrients in the absence of oxygen.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The chemical transformation catalyzed by each of three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce enzymes that convert L-arabinose into L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is a multistep reaction which includes three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The chemical transformation catalyzed by each of three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce enzymes that convert L-arabinose into L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is a multistep reaction which includes three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes.

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The name of the sugar which is converted from arabinose by three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes that is used to convert L-arabinose .

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The name of the sugar which is converted from arabinose by three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes that is used to convert L-arabinose .

Answer 12

(d)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The overall pathway for the fermentation of six molecules of arabinose to ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 13

(d)

Summary Introduction

To describe: The overall pathway for the fermentation of six molecules of arabinose to ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 14

(e1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The stoichiometry of the fermentation of six molecules of arabinose to ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 15

(e1)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The stoichiometry of the fermentation of six molecules of arabinose to ethanol and CO₂.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 16

(e2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of ATP molecules that would be generated in this reaction.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 17

(e2)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The number of ATP molecules that would be generated in this reaction.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 18

(f)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that production of 1 ATP per molecule of arabinose is less beneficial for bacterium but better for production of ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 19

(f)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that production of 1 ATP per molecule of arabinose is less beneficial for bacterium but better for production of ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 20

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The additional enzymes that would allow Z. mobilis to use xylose as well as arabinose to produce ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 21

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The additional enzymes that would allow Z. mobilis to use xylose as well as arabinose to produce ethanol.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 22

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Answer 23

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 24

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Answer 25

Ch. 14 - Prob. 1P Ch. 14 - Prob. 2P Ch. 14 - Prob. 3P Ch. 14 - Prob. 4P Ch. 14 - Prob. 5P Ch. 14 - Prob. 6P Ch. 14 - Prob. 7P Ch. 14 - Prob. 8P Ch. 14 - Prob. 9P Ch. 14 - Prob. 10P

To determine: The chemical transformation catalyzed by each of three ara enzymes. Introduction: The ara genes produce enzymes that convert L-arabinose into L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is a multistep reaction which includes three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes.

To determine: The name of the sugar which is converted from arabinose by three ara enzymes. Introduction: The ara genes produce three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes that is used to convert L-arabinose .

To determine: The number of ATP molecules that would be generated in this reaction. Introduction: “Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 14 Solutions

To determine: The chemical transformation catalyzed by each of three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce enzymes that convert L-arabinose into L-xylulose-5-phosphate. This is a multistep reaction which includes three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes.

To determine: The name of the sugar which is converted from arabinose by three ara enzymes.

Introduction:

The ara genes produce three different enzymes encoded by different ara genes that is used to convert L-arabinose .

To determine: The number of ATP molecules that would be generated in this reaction.

Introduction:

“Anaerobic harvest” of food energy is known as fermentation. This is a metabolic process carried out mainly by yeast and some bacteria. They convert sugar into carbon dioxide and ethanol.