The reason for the rapid rise in lactate concentration. Introduction : Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 26P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the rapid rise in lactate concentration.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the decline in lactate concentration after completion of sprint along with the reason that decline occur more slowly than the increase.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for concentration of lactate not being zero during the resting state.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

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The beta-lactamase hydrolyzes the lactam-ring in penicillin. Describe the mechanism of hydrolysis, insuring to include the involvement of S, D, & K in the reaction sequence. Please help

To map the active site of beta-lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Why doesn't D in this hexapeptide not participate in the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring even though S, K, and D are involved in the catalyst?

To map the active site of -lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Using the experimental results described above derive the primary sequence of the active site hexapeptide. Please help!

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 26P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the rapid rise in lactate concentration.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the decline in lactate concentration after completion of sprint along with the reason that decline occur more slowly than the increase.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for concentration of lactate not being zero during the resting state.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 26P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the rapid rise in lactate concentration.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the decline in lactate concentration after completion of sprint along with the reason that decline occur more slowly than the increase.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for concentration of lactate not being zero during the resting state.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 26P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the rapid rise in lactate concentration.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the decline in lactate concentration after completion of sprint along with the reason that decline occur more slowly than the increase.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for concentration of lactate not being zero during the resting state.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 26P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the rapid rise in lactate concentration.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the decline in lactate concentration after completion of sprint along with the reason that decline occur more slowly than the increase.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for concentration of lactate not being zero during the resting state.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 26P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the rapid rise in lactate concentration.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 26P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the rapid rise in lactate concentration.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the decline in lactate concentration after completion of sprint along with the reason that decline occur more slowly than the increase.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for the decline in lactate concentration after completion of sprint along with the reason that decline occur more slowly than the increase.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for concentration of lactate not being zero during the resting state.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for concentration of lactate not being zero during the resting state.

Introduction:

Intensive workout by muscles utilizes oxygen from the blood at faster rate, resulting in decrease in the level of oxygen for other reactions. The molecule of glucose is then converted into pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen to produce two molecules of ATP which keeps the muscle going. End product of this reaction is lactic acid.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 14 - Prob. 1P Ch. 14 - Prob. 2P Ch. 14 - Prob. 3P Ch. 14 - Prob. 4P Ch. 14 - Prob. 5P Ch. 14 - Prob. 6P Ch. 14 - Prob. 7P Ch. 14 - Prob. 8P Ch. 14 - Prob. 9P Ch. 14 - Prob. 10P

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Chapter 14 Solutions