Draw Lewis structures for each
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Chemistry In Focus
- Consider the reaction between oxygen (O2) gas and magnesium metal to form magnesium oxide. Using oxidation states, how many electrons would each oxygen atom gain, and how many electrons would each magnesium atom lose? How many magnesium atoms are needed to react with one oxygen molecule? Write a balanced equation for this reaction.arrow_forward4.60 Why are fuel additives used?arrow_forwardWhat is G for the following reaction? 2Br(aq)+Cl2(g)Br2(l)+2Cl(aq) Use data given in Table 19.1.arrow_forward
- The carbon dioxide exhaled in the breath of astronauts is often removed from the spacecraft by reaction with lithium hydroxide 2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)Li2CO3(s)+H2O(l) Estimate the grams of lithium hydroxide required per astronaut per day. Assume that each astronaut requires 2.50 103 kcal of energy per day. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 2.50 103 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of CO2 produced and hence the amount of LiOH required. The H for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.arrow_forwardOne of the few industrial-scale processes that produce organic compounds electrochemically is used by the Monsanto Company to produce1,4-dicyanobutane. The reduction reaction is 2CH2CHCH+2H++2eNC(CH2)4CN The NC(CH2)4CN is then chemically reduced using hydrogen gas to H2N(CH2)6NH2, which is used in the production of nylon. What current must be used to produce 150.kg NC(CH2)4CN per hour?arrow_forwardThe space shuttle Orbiter utilizes the oxidation of methylhydrazine by dinitrogen tetroxide for propulsion: 4N2H3CH3(l)+5N2O4(l)12H2O(g)+9N2(g)+4CO2(g) Calculate H for this reactionarrow_forward
- Consider the two space shuttle fuel reactions in Exercises 81 and 82. Which reaction produces more energy per kilogram of reactant mixture (stoichiometric amounts)? 81. The reusable booster rockets of the space shuttle use a mixture of aluminum and ammonium perchlorate as fuel. A possible reaction is 3Al(s)+3NH4ClO4(s)Al2O3(s)+AlCl3(s)+3NO(g)+6H2O(g) Calculate H for this reaction 82. The space shuttle Orbiter utilizes the oxidation of methylhydrazine by dinitrogen tetroxide for propulsion: 4N2H3CH3(l)+5N2O4(l)12H2O(g)+9N2(g)+4CO2(g) Calculate H for this reactionarrow_forwardEthanol, C2H5OH, is a gasoline additive that can be produced by fermentation of glucose. C6H12O62C2H5OH+2CO2 (a) Calculate the mass (g) of ethanol produced by the fermentation of 1.000 lb glucose. (b) Gasohol is a mixture of 10.00 mL ethanol per 90.00 mL gasoline. Calculate the mass (in g) of glucose required to produce the ethanol in 1.00 gal gasohol. Density of ethanol = 0.785 g/mL. (c) By 2022, the U. S. Energy Independence and Security Act calls for annual production of 3.6 1010 gal of ethanol, no more than 40% of it produced by fermentation of corn. Fermentation of 1 ton (2.2 103 lb) of corn yields approximately 106 gal of ethanol. The average corn yield in the United States is about 2.1 105 lb per 1.0 105 m2. Calculate the acreage (in m2) required to raise corn solely for ethanol production in 2022 in the United States.arrow_forwardWhat is Hrxn for reaction of iron(III) oxide and carbon monoxide to give iron metal and carbon dioxide gas? Use the following reactions: 4Fe(s)+3O2(g)2Fe2O3(s)H=1648.4kJ4CO(g)+O2(g)2CO3(g)H=565.98kJarrow_forward
- Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere weathers, or dissolves, limestone (CaCO3) by the reaction CaCO3(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)Ca2(aq)+2HCO3(aq) Obtain H for this reaction. See Table 6.2 for the data.arrow_forwardHow much heat is produced when 1.25 g of chromium meta’ reacts with oxygen gas under standard conditions?arrow_forwardOxidation of 1.00 g of carbon monoxide, CO, produces 1.57 g of carbon dioxide, CO2. How many grams of oxygen were required in this reaction?arrow_forward
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