Interpretation:
The working principle of an
Concept Introduction:
Oxidation is the addition of an electronegative element or the removal of an electropositive element in a
Reduction is the addition of an electropositive element or the removal of an electronegative element in a chemical reaction.
The chemical reaction in which oxidation process and reduction process take place simultaneously, is called a redox reaction.
An electrochemical cell is also known as a galvanic or voltaic cell.
The electrochemical cell is a type of battery that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
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Chemistry In Focus
- . In which direction do electrons flow in a galvanic cell, from anode to cathode or vice versa?arrow_forwardThe voltaic cell is represented as Zn(s)Zn2+(1.0M)Cu2+(1.0M)Cu(s) Which of the following statements is not true of this cell? a The mass of the zinc electrode, Zn(s), decreases as the cell runs. b The copper electrode is the anode. c Electrons flow through the external circuit from the zinc electrode to the copper electrode. d Reduction occurs at the copper electrode as the cell runs. e The concentration of Cu2+ decreases as the cell runs.arrow_forwardThe mass of three different metal electrodes, each from a different galvanic cell, were determined before and after the current generated by the oxidation-reduction reaction in each cell was allowed to flow for a few minutes. The first metal electrode, given the label A, was found to have increased in mass; the second metal electrode, given the label B, did not change in mass; and the third metal electrode, given the label C, was found to have lost mass. Make an educated guess as to which electrodes were active and which were inert electrodes, and which were anode(s) and which were the cathode(s).arrow_forward
- Give the notation for a voltaic cell whose overall cell reaction is Mg(s)+2Ag+(aq)Mg2+(aq)+2Ag(s) What are the half-cell reactions? Label them as anode or cathode reactions. What is the standard cell potential of this cell?arrow_forwardConsider the following cell running under standard conditions: Fe(s)Fe2+(aq)Al3+(aq)Al(s) a Is this a voltaic cell? b Which species is being reduced during the chemical reaction? c Which species is the oxidizing agent? d What happens to the concentration of Fe3+(aq) as the reaction proceeds? e How does the mass of Al(s) change as the reaction proceeds?arrow_forwardAs the voltaic cell shown here runs, the blue solution gradually gets lighter in color and the gray solution gets darker. (a) What species is oxidized and what is reduced? (b) Which electrode is the anode and which is the cathode? (C) Which metal electrode gains mass? (d) In which direction do electrons flow through the external circuit?arrow_forward
- Use the data from the table of standard reduction potentials in Appendix H to calculate the standard potential of the cell based on each of the following reactions. In each case, state whether the reaction proceeds spontaneously as written or spontaneously in the reverse direction under standard-state conditions. (a) H2(g)+Cl2(g)2H+(aq)+2Cl(aq) (b) Al3+(aq)+3Cr2+(aq)Al(s)+3Cr3+(aq) (c) Fe2+(aq)+Ag+(aq)Fe3+(aq)+Ag(s)arrow_forwardElectrochemical Cells II Consider this cell running under standard conditions: Ni(s)Ni2(aq)Cu+(aq)Cu(s) a Is this cell a voltaic or an electrolytic cell? How do you know? b Does current flow in this cell spontaneously? c What is the maximum cell potential for this cell? d Say the cell is connected to a voltmeter. Describe what you might see for an initial voltage and what voltage changes, if any, you would observe as time went by. e What is the free energy of this cell when it is first constructed? f Does the free energy of the cell change over time as the cell runs? If so, how does it change?arrow_forwardFor a voltage-sensitive application, you are working on a battery that must have a working voltage of 0.85 V. The half-cells to be used have a standard cell potential of 0.97 V. What must be done to achieve the correct voltage? What information would you need to look up?arrow_forward
- A solution of copper(II) sulfate is electrolyzed by passing a current through the solution using inert electrodes. Consequently, there is a decrease in the Cu2+ concentration and an increase in the hydronium ion concentration. Also, one electrode increases in mass and a gas evolves at the other electrode. Write half-reactions that occur at the anode and at the cathode.arrow_forwardA silver oxidezinc cell maintains a fairly constant voltage during discharge (1.60 V). The button form of this cell is used in watches, hearing aids, and other electronic devices. The half-reactions are Zn(s)+2OH(aq)Zn(OH)2(s)+2eAg2O(s)+H2O(l)+2e2Ag(s)+2OH(aq) Identify the anode and the cathode reactions. What is the overall reaction in the voltaic cell?arrow_forwardHalf-cells were made from a nickel rod dipping in a nickel sulfate solution and a silver rod dipping in a silver nitrate solution. The half-reactions in a voltaic cell using these half-cells were Ag+(aq)+eAg(s)Ni(s)Ni2+(aq)+2e Sketch the cell and label the anode and cathode, showing the corresponding electrode reactions. Give the direction of electron flow and the movement of cations.arrow_forward
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