Interpretation:
The working of a hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation is the addition of an electronegative element or the removal of an electropositive element in a
Reduction is the addition of an electropositive element or the removal of an electronegative element in a chemical reaction.
Fuel cells do not produce pollutants like carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Chemistry In Focus
- As an example of an electrolytic cell, the text states: Sodium chloride is electrolyzed commercially in an apparatus called the Downs cell to produce sodium and chlorine. This is a high-temperature operation; the electrolyte is molten NaCl. Write the half-reaction equations for the changes taking place at each electrode. Is the electrode at which sodium is produced the anode or the cathode? The Downs cell electrolyzes molten melted sodium chloride, producing sodium and chlorine.arrow_forwardWrite the equation for the reaction, if any, that occurs when each of the following experiments is performed under standard conditions. (a) Sulfur is added to mercury. (b) Manganese dioxide in acidic solution is added to liquid mercury. (c) Aluminum metal is added to a solution of potassium ions.arrow_forwardThe mass of three different metal electrodes, each from a different galvanic cell, were determined before and after the current generated by the oxidation-reduction reaction in each cell was allowed to flow for a few minutes. The first metal electrode, given the label A, was found to have increased in mass; the second metal electrode, given the label B, did not change in mass; and the third metal electrode, given the label C, was found to have lost mass. Make an educated guess as to which electrodes were active and which were inert electrodes, and which were anode(s) and which were the cathode(s).arrow_forward
- If you put a 9-volt battery in a smoke detector in your home or apartment, you are not installing a single galvanic cell. Explain how and why this is so.arrow_forwardThe voltaic cell is represented as Zn(s)Zn2+(1.0M)Cu2+(1.0M)Cu(s) Which of the following statements is not true of this cell? a The mass of the zinc electrode, Zn(s), decreases as the cell runs. b The copper electrode is the anode. c Electrons flow through the external circuit from the zinc electrode to the copper electrode. d Reduction occurs at the copper electrode as the cell runs. e The concentration of Cu2+ decreases as the cell runs.arrow_forwardSome metals, such as iron, can be oxidized to more than one oxidation state. Obtain the balanced net ionic equations for the following oxidation reduction reactions, in which nitric acid is reduced to nitric oxide, NO. a Oxidation of iron metal to iron(II) ion by nitric acid. b Oxidation of iron(II) ion to iron(III) ion by nitric acid. c Oxidation of iron metal to iron(III) by nitric acid. [Consider adding the a and b equations.]arrow_forward
- Consider the following cell running under standard conditions: Fe(s)Fe2+(aq)Al3+(aq)Al(s) a Is this a voltaic cell? b Which species is being reduced during the chemical reaction? c Which species is the oxidizing agent? d What happens to the concentration of Fe3+(aq) as the reaction proceeds? e How does the mass of Al(s) change as the reaction proceeds?arrow_forwardZinc react spontaneously with silver ion. Zn(s)+2Ag+(aq)Zn2+(aq)+2Ag(s) Describe a voltaic cell using this reaction. What are the half-reactions?arrow_forwardUse chemical equations to explain how the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) works. What are its advantages and its disadvantages?arrow_forward
- Electrochemical Cells II Consider this cell running under standard conditions: Ni(s)Ni2(aq)Cu+(aq)Cu(s) a Is this cell a voltaic or an electrolytic cell? How do you know? b Does current flow in this cell spontaneously? c What is the maximum cell potential for this cell? d Say the cell is connected to a voltmeter. Describe what you might see for an initial voltage and what voltage changes, if any, you would observe as time went by. e What is the free energy of this cell when it is first constructed? f Does the free energy of the cell change over time as the cell runs? If so, how does it change?arrow_forwardUsing Table 17.1, calculate E° for the reaction between (a) lead and silver nitrate ion to produce lead(II) nitrate. (b) oxygen and iron(II) ions to produce water and iron(III) ions. (c) sulfur and nitrogen oxide gas in basic solution to form nitrate and sulfide ions.arrow_forwardAn aqueous solution of an unknown salt of gold is electrolyzed by a current of 2.75 amps for 3.39 hours. The electroplating is carried out with an efficiency of 93.0%, resulting in a deposit of 21.221 g of gold. a How many faradays are required to deposit the gold? b What is the charge on the gold ions (based on your calculations)?arrow_forward
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