(a)
Interpretation:
Structural formula has to be written for the given alcohols and correct IUPAC name has to be assigned.
Concept Introduction:
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- Expanded structural formula
- Condensed structural formula
- Skeletal structural formula
- Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain single hydroxyl group:
- Longest carbon chain has to be identified that contains hydroxyl group also. The chain name is obtained by replacing the letter “-e” in
alkane with “-ol”. - The numbering has to be given so that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering.
- Name and location of any other substituent present in the chain has to be identified.
- If in a ring the hydroxyl group is present, then that carbon is numbered 1 and the numbering then proceeds counterclockwise or clockwise in a way that substituents present if any gets the least numbering.
- Hydroxyl group as a substituent in a molecule is named as hydroxy group rather than hydroxyl group.
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group:
- The same rules said above is followed but the prefix di-, tri-, tetra etc is added corresponding to the number of hydroxyl groups that is present.
(a)
Answer to Problem 14.20EP
The structural formula is,
The correct IUPAC name of the given alcohol is 3-methyl-2-pentanol.
Explanation of Solution
Given name of alcohol is 3-ethyl-2-butanol.
From the name it is identified that the parent alkane is butane with a hydroxyl group on second carbon atom and an ethyl group on third carbon atom.
The structural formula for the given alcohol is drawn as shown above.
IUPAC name can be identified by finding the longest continuous carbon chain with the hydroxyl group. In this case it is found to be a five carbon chain and hence the parent is pentane. As the structure has a hydroxyl group in it, the suffix “-ol” has to be added instead of “-e” in the parent alkane. The numbering has to be given in a way that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering. Looking for the substituent, a methyl group is present on the third carbon atom. This gives the IUPAC name of the alcohol as 3-methyl-2-pentanol as hydroxyl group is in the second carbon atom.
The structural formula for the given alcohol is drawn and correct IUPAC name is assigned.
(b)
Interpretation:
Structural formula has to be written for the given alcohols and correct IUPAC name has to be assigned.
Concept Introduction:
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- Expanded structural formula
- Condensed structural formula
- Skeletal structural formula
- Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain single hydroxyl group:
- Longest carbon chain has to be identified that contains hydroxyl group also. The chain name is obtained by replacing the letter “-e” in alkane with “-ol”.
- The numbering has to be given so that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering.
- Name and location of any other substituent present in the chain has to be identified.
- If in a ring the hydroxyl group is present, then that carbon is numbered 1 and the numbering then proceeds counterclockwise or clockwise in a way that substituents present if any gets the least numbering.
- Hydroxyl group as a substituent in a molecule is named as hydroxy group rather than hydroxyl group.
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group:
- The same rules said above is followed but the prefix di-, tri-, tetra etc is added corresponding to the number of hydroxyl groups that is present.
(b)
Answer to Problem 14.20EP
The structural formula is,
The correct IUPAC name of the given alcohol is 2,3-pentanediol.
Explanation of Solution
Given name of alcohol is 3,4-pentanediol.
From the name it is identified that there are two hydroxyl groups present each on third and fourth carbon atom of the parent alkane, pentane. The structure can be drawn as,
The structural formula for the given alcohol is drawn as shown above.
IUPAC name can be identified by finding the longest continuous carbon chain with the hydroxyl group. In this case it is found to be a five carbon chain and hence the parent is pentane. As the structure has two hydroxyl groups in it, the suffix “-
The structural formula for the given alcohol is drawn and correct IUPAC name is assigned.
(c)
Interpretation:
Structural formula has to be written for the given alcohols and correct IUPAC name has to be assigned.
Concept Introduction:
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- Expanded structural formula
- Condensed structural formula
- Skeletal structural formula
- Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain single hydroxyl group:
- Longest carbon chain has to be identified that contains hydroxyl group also. The chain name is obtained by replacing the letter “-e” in alkane with “-ol”.
- The numbering has to be given so that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering.
- Name and location of any other substituent present in the chain has to be identified.
- If in a ring the hydroxyl group is present, then that carbon is numbered 1 and the numbering then proceeds counterclockwise or clockwise in a way that substituents present if any gets the least numbering.
- Hydroxyl group as a substituent in a molecule is named as hydroxy group rather than hydroxyl group.
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group:
- The same rules said above is followed but the prefix di-, tri-, tetra etc is added corresponding to the number of hydroxyl groups that is present.
(c)
Answer to Problem 14.20EP
The structural formula is,
The correct IUPAC name of the given alcohol is 2-methyl-2-butanol.
Explanation of Solution
Given name of alcohol is 3-methyl-3-butanol.
From the name it is identified that the parent alkane is butane with a methyl group substituted in third carbon atom and a hydroxyl
The structural formula for the given alcohol is drawn as shown above.
IUPAC name can be identified by finding the longest continuous carbon chain with the hydroxyl group. In this case it is found to be a four carbon chain and hence the parent is butane. As the structure has a hydroxyl group in it, the suffix “-ol” has to be added instead of “-e” in the parent alkane. The numbering has to be given in a way that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering. Looking for the substituents, a methyl group is present in the second carbon atom. This gives the IUPAC name of the alcohol as 2-methyl-2-butanol as hydroxyl group is in the second carbon atom.
The structural formula for the given alcohol is drawn and correct IUPAC name is assigned.
(d)
Interpretation:
Structural formula has to be written for the given alcohols and correct IUPAC name has to be assigned.
Concept Introduction:
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- Expanded structural formula
- Condensed structural formula
- Skeletal structural formula
- Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain single hydroxyl group:
- Longest carbon chain has to be identified that contains hydroxyl group also. The chain name is obtained by replacing the letter “-e” in alkane with “-ol”.
- The numbering has to be given so that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering.
- Name and location of any other substituent present in the chain has to be identified.
- If in a ring the hydroxyl group is present, then that carbon is numbered 1 and the numbering then proceeds counterclockwise or clockwise in a way that substituents present if any gets the least numbering.
- Hydroxyl group as a substituent in a molecule is named as hydroxy group rather than hydroxyl group.
IUPAC rules for naming alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group:
- The same rules said above is followed but the prefix di-, tri-, tetra etc is added corresponding to the number of hydroxyl groups that is present.
(d)
Answer to Problem 14.20EP
The structural formula is,
The correct IUPAC name of the given alcohol is 2-methyl-2-pentanol.
Explanation of Solution
Given name of alcohol is 1,1-dimethyl-1-butanol.
From the name it is identified that the parent alkane is butane with a hydroxyl group at first carbon atom and two methyl groups as substituents in first carbon atom. The structure can be drawn as,
The structural formula for the given alcohol is drawn as shown above.
IUPAC name can be identified by finding the longest continuous carbon chain with the hydroxyl group. In this case it is found to be a five carbon chain and hence the parent is pentane. As the structure has a hydroxyl group in it, the suffix “-ol” has to be added. The numbering has to be given in a way that the hydroxyl group gets the least numbering. Looking for the substituents it is identified that a methyl group is present on second carbon atom. This gives the IUPAC name of the alcohol as 2-methyl-2-pentanol as hydroxyl group is in the second carbon atom.
The structural formula for the given alcohol is drawn and correct IUPAC name is assigned.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Study Guide with Selected Solutions for Stoker's General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th
- Which of the structural components listed in the Essential terms of section 1.3 (Cell components) could occur in a plant cell? Paragraph く BIUA 川く く 80 + кл Karrow_forwardWhich of the following statements refer(s) directly to the cell theory? (Note that one or more correct answers are possible.) Select 2 correct answer(s) a) There are major differences between plant and animal cells. b) There are major differences between prokaryote and eukaryote cells. c) All cells have a cell wall. d) All cells have a cell membrane. e) Animals are composed of cells. f) When a bacterial cell divides, it produces two daughter cells.arrow_forwardPreoperative Diagnosis: Torn medial meniscus, left knee Postoperative Diagnosis: Combination horizontal cleavage tear/flap tear, posterior horn, medial meniscus, left knee. Operation: Arthroscopic subtotal medial meniscectomy, left knee Anesthetic: General endotracheal Description of Procedure: The patient was placed on the operating table in the supine position and general endotracheal anesthesia was administered. After an adequate level of anesthesia was achieved, the patient's left lower extremity was prepped with Betadine scrubbing solution, then draped in a sterile manner. Several sites were then infiltrated with 1% Xylocaine solution with Epinephrine to help control bleeding from stab wounds to be made at these sites. These stab wounds were made anterolaterally at the level of the superior pole of the patella for insertion of an irrigation catheter into the suprapatellar pouch area, anterolaterally at the level of the joint line for insertion of the scope and anteromedially at…arrow_forward
- UARDIAN SIGNA Life Sciences/ Baseline Test Grade 10 ry must be written in point form. pot in full sentences using NO MORE than 70 words sentences from 1 to 7. only ONE point per sentence. words as far as possible. number of words you have used in brackets at the end GDE/2024 QUESTION 3 The table below shows the results of an investigation in which the effect of temperature and light on the yield of tomatoes in two greenhouses on a farm was investigated. TEMPERATURE (°C) AVERAGE YIELD OF TOMATOES PER 3.1 PLANT (kg) LOW LIGHT LEVELS HIGH LIGHT LEVELS 5 0,5 0,5 10 1,5 2,5 15 3,0 5,0 20 3,6 8,5 25 3,5 7,8 30 2,5 6,2 State TWO steps the investigator may have taken into consideration during the planning stage of the investigation. (2) 3.2 Identify the: a) Independent variables (2) b) Dependent variable (1) 3.3 Plot a line graph showing the results of the average yield of the tomatoes from 5°C to 30°C for low light levels. (6) 3.4 State ONE way in which the scientists could have improved the…arrow_forwardExplain why you chose this mutation. Begin by transcribing and translating BOTH the normal and abnormal DNA sequences. The genetic code below is for your reference. SECOND BASE OF CODON כ FIRST BASE OF CODON O THIRD BASE OF CODON SCAGUCAGUGAGUCAG UUU UUC UCU UAU UGU Phenylalanine (F) Tyrosine (Y) Cysteine (C) UCC UAC UGC Serine (S) UUA UUG Leucine (L) UCA UCG_ UAA UGA Stop codon -Stop codon UAG UGG -Tryptophan (W) CUU CUC CCU CAU CGU Histidine (H) CCC CAC CGC -Leucine (L) Proline (P) CUA CCA CAA CUG CCG CAG-Glutamine (Q) -Arginine (R) CGA CGG AUU ACU AAU AGU AUC Isoleucine (1) Asparagine (N) ACC AAC Threonine (T) AUA ACA AAA Methionine (M) Lysine (K) AUG ACG Start codon AAG AGC-Serine (S) -Arginine (R) AGA AGG GUU GCU GAU GUC GUA GUG GCC Valine (V) -Alanine (A) GCA GCG GAC GAA GAG Aspartic acid (D) GGU Glutamic acid (E) GGC GGA GGG Glycine (G) In order to provide a complete answer to the question stated above, fill in the mRNA bases and amino acid sequences by using the Genetic Code…arrow_forwardidentify the indicated cell in white arrowarrow_forward
- Gloeocaspa Genus - diagram a colony and label the sheath, cell wall, and cytoplasm. Oscillatoria Genus - Diagram a trichome, and label the shealth and individual cells Nostoc Genus- diagram a sketch of the colonoy microscopically from low power to the left of the drawing. Draw a filament showing intercalary heterocysts, and vegatative cells to the right of the drawing Merismopedia Genus- diagram a sketch of the colony. draw and label a filament showing the colony, cell wall, and sheath. Gloeotrichia Genus- diagram a habit sketch of the colony. draw a filament showing the heterocyst, akimetes and vegatative cells of the filamentarrow_forwardOf this list shown, which genus does the image belong toarrow_forwardidentify the cell shownarrow_forward
- identify the genusarrow_forwardWhat Genus is this?arrow_forwardAs a medical professional, it is important to be able to discuss how genetic processes such as translation regulation can directly affect patients. Think about some situations that might involve translation regulation. Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: Why is translation regulation important? What are some examples of translation regulation in humans? Select one of the examples you provided and explain what happens when translation regulation goes wrong.arrow_forward
Essentials of Pharmacology for Health ProfessionsNursingISBN:9781305441620Author:WOODROWPublisher:Cengage
Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...Health & NutritionISBN:9781337711067Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna BalacPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning