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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The number of covalent bonds that oxygen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.
(a)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 14.1EP
Oxygen can form two covalent bonds.
Explanation of Solution
Oxygen is a Group VIA element. Therefore, it has six valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Oxygen is short of two electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, oxygen forms two bonds.
Oxygen is found to form two covalent bonds in organic compounds.
(b)
Interpretation:
The number of covalent bonds that Hydrogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.
(b)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 14.1EP
Hydrogen can form one covalent bond.
Explanation of Solution
Hydrogen is a Group IA element. Therefore, it has only one valence electron. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Hydrogen is short of one electron in order to obtain the complete shell configuration. Therefore, hydrogen forms one covalent bond.
Hydrogen is found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.
(c)
Interpretation:
The number of covalent bonds that carbon atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.
(c)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 14.1EP
Carbon can form four covalent bonds.
Explanation of Solution
Carbon is a Group IVA element. Therefore, it has four valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Carbon is short of four electrons in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, carbon forms four covalent bonds.
Carbon is found to form four covalent bonds in organic compounds.
(d)
Interpretation:
The number of covalent bonds that halogen atom can form in an organic compound has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
All the atoms try to attain the octet configuration. They either gain or lose electrons, or share the electrons to get the stable octet structure. Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms.
(d)
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Answer to Problem 14.1EP
Halogen can form one covalent bond.
Explanation of Solution
Halogens are present in Group VIIA of periodic table. Therefore, it has seven valence electrons. All the elements try to attain the stable octet configuration either by losing, gaining or sharing the valence electrons. Halogens are in short of one electron in order to obtain the octet configuration. Therefore, halogens form one covalent bond.
Halogens are found to form one covalent bond in organic compounds.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Study Guide with Selected Solutions for Stoker's General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th
- What is/are the product(s) of the following reaction? Select all that apply. * HI A B C OD OH A B OH D Carrow_forwardIn the image, the light blue sphere represents a mole of hydrogen atoms, the purple or teal spheres represent a mole of a conjugate base. A light blue sphere by itself is H+. Assuming there is 2.00 L of solution, answer the following: The Ka of the left & right solution is? The pH of the left & right solution is? The acid on the left & right is what kind of acid?arrow_forwardNonearrow_forward
- Nonearrow_forwardNonearrow_forwardWhat spectral features allow you to differentiate the product from the starting material? Use four separate paragraphs for each set of comparisons. You should have one paragraph each devoted to MS, HNMR, CNMR and IR. 2) For MS, the differing masses of molecular ions are a popular starting point. Including a unique fragmentation is important, too. 3) For HNMR, CNMR and IR state the peaks that are different and what makes them different (usually the presence or absence of certain groups). See if you can find two differences (in each set of IR, HNMR and CNMR spectra) due to the presence or absence of a functional group. Include peak locations. Alternatively, you can state a shift of a peak due to a change near a given functional group. Including peak locations for shifted peaks, as well as what these peaks are due to. Ideally, your focus should be on not just identifying the differences but explaining them in terms of functional group changes.arrow_forward
- Nonearrow_forwardNonearrow_forwardIn the solid state, oxalic acid occurs as a dihydrate with the formula H2C2O4 C+2H2O. Use this formula to calculate the formula weight of oxalic acid. Use the calculated formula weight and the number of moles (0.00504mol) of oxalic acid in each titrated unknown sample recorded in Table 6.4 to calculate the number of grams of pure oxalic acid dihydrate contained in each titrated unknown sample.arrow_forward
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